Inverge Journal of Social Sciences
type: channel
description: The Inverge Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) is an online, open-access journal with double-blind peer review. Academic essays and research articles/papers are all published in the IJSS. Scholars of any age or from any profession are welcome to submit their scholarly research to the IJSS. In its publications, the IJSS covers all social science disciplines, including but not limited to the following fields: Development Studies Economics Entrepreneurship Education Gender Studies International Relations Management Sciences (Marketing, Finance, HRM, Project Management, Information Management, & others) Media Sciences Political Science Psychology Sustainable Development Goals Sociology IJSS is an online, open-access journal that offers publishing and research services to the academic and business sectors. Double-blind peer review is used to manage articles and papers by the IJSS. Frequency: Quarterly Dr. Muhammad Asif Editor-in-Chief Inverge Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) ISSN (Online): 2959-4359, ISSN (Print): 3007-2018 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/InvergeJSS/ Note: Authors are urged to use the IJSS online submission platform to submit their work electronically. Please adhere to the guidelines listed for each step of the online submission procedure. Before submitting, kindly adhere to the Author Guidelines as well.
publisher: Inverge Consultancy (pvt) Ltd
language: en-US
publication name: Inverge Journal of Social Sciences
issn: 3007-2018
copyright: The work is concurrently licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the authorship and the work's original publication in this journal, while the authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
items: The Impact of Working Mothers on Children’s Social Behaviours, Classroom Interactions, and Empathy in South Punjab, Pakistan
items: Green Intelligence in Finance: Artificial Intelligence-Driven ESG Analytics and Sustainable Investment Performance
items: The Impact of Educational Leadership Styles on Teacher Productivity: A Comprehensive Review
items: Enterprise Intelligence 5.0: Human AI Co-Creation Models for Strategic Leadership, Innovation, and Competitive Advantage
items: Awareness, Competence, and Perceptions of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and the Metaverse among Pakistani University Librarians
items: Media, Mind, and Crime: Psychological and Communicative Dimensions of Criminal Representation
items: Impact of 21st Century Teaching Skills for Active Learning to Enhance the Leadership Qualities of University Students in Pakistan
items: Parental Socioeconomic Status and Digital Academic Engagement of University Students in AJK, Pakistan
items: The Future of Work in Digital Banking: Aligning HR Tech Adoption with Marketing Innovation and Financial KPIs
items: Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Selective Exposure: Media Use and Opinion Formation in Polarized Digital Spaces
items: Students’ Inclination from Pure Sciences to Computer Science: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study
items: Middle East Conflicts & Their Influence on International Politics
items: Entrepreneurship in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Opportunity Recognition, Labour Substitution, and Innovation Processes
items: Geopolitics of Energy Transition: United States Assistance to Pakistan
items: Artificial Intelligence in FinTech and Its Implications for International Trade Efficiency
items: When Brands Listen Back: Adaptive Marketing Systems, Consumer Feedback Loops, and the Emergence of Responsive Market Intelligence
items: AI-Based Adaptive Learning Systems and their role in Enhancing Student Academic Performance
items: Smart Supply Chain Ecosystems: Artificial Intelligence Enabled Integration of Planning, Execution, and Performance Management
items: Impact of Green HRM on Employee Commitment: Moderating Role of Green Leadership

The Impact of Working Mothers on Children’s Social Behaviours, Classroom Interactions, and Empathy in South Punjab, Pakistan
type: item
description: This research paper has discussed the effects of mother employment on the social behaviours, classroom interactions, and empathies development in South Punjab, Pakistan. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 200 mothers (N=200) all of whom had professional backgrounds (44 percent education, 25 percent medical field and 31 percent other fields). The social-emotional competencies of children were assessed with the help of the maternal reports with the help of the standardized measures that evaluated the social behaviour, interactions with the classmates, and empathy. Findings showed moderate levels of prosocial behaviour (M=2.17, SD=0.21), classroom interactions (M=2.23, SD=0.27) and manifestation of empathy (M=2.10, SD=0.25). The number of job hours and nature of the employment (public versus private sector) were found as important variables and the determinants of children developing socially and emotionally. The results indicate that the South Asian context of maternal employment and child development is a complex issue, and the employment status is not a leading factor that determines social-emotional outcomes of children. Rather, job quality, parental involvement and family dynamics are significant mediating factors. References Abbasi, E. A., Khurshid, D. R., & Zia, D. A. (2025). Effectiveness of play intervention on pre-school students' social emotional development as viewed from teachers' perspective in private sector schools of AJK. ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences, 4(1), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.63056/ACAD.004.01.0073 Amir, T. S., & Kizilbash, S. (2024). Predicaments of married & single working mothers in Pakistan. Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review, 4(4), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.48112/aessr.v4i4.904 Arlianty, L., Setiawan, N., & Achdiani, Y. (2025). Single mother parenting in preschool children's social-emotional development. Indonesian Journal of Community and Special Needs Education, 5(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1…
creator: Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.215

Green Intelligence in Finance: Artificial Intelligence-Driven ESG Analytics and Sustainable Investment Performance
type: item
description: This study examined the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) analytics in enhancing sustainable investment performance. While traditional ESG ratings had been widely used in responsible investment strategies, they often suffered from data inconsistency, subjectivity and limited coverage of unstructured sustainability information. AI-based ESG systems were increasingly applied to extract deeper sustainability signals from corporate disclosures, reports and external data sources. Using portfolio-level analysis, this study compared the financial outcomes of portfolios constructed using AI-driven ESG indicators with those based on conventional ESG ratings. The results showed that AI-enhanced high-ESG portfolios achieved higher mean returns and superior Sharpe ratios than both AI-based low-ESG portfolios and traditionally rated ESG portfolios. In addition, AI-driven high-ESG portfolios demonstrated lower downside-risk exposure and smaller maximum drawdowns during market stress, indicating stronger resilience. Regression analysis further revealed that AI-derived ESG scores were more strongly associated with excess returns than traditional ESG metrics. These findings suggested that AI improved the informational efficiency of ESG assessment by capturing more accurate, forward-looking sustainability risks and opportunities. The study concluded that AI-driven ESG analytics strengthened the financial relevance of sustainability integration and supported better-informed investment decision-making. The results carried important implications for investors, regulators and corporations seeking to align AI deployment with high-integrity sustainable finance practices, while also highlighting the need for ethical and transparent AI governance in financial markets. References Albuquerque, R., Koskinen, Y., Yang, S., & Zhang, C. (2020). Resiliency of environmental and social stocks: An analysis of the exogenous COVID-19 market crash. The…
creator: Hind Gatoi
creator: Islam Belhaoua
creator: Kashf Akhtar
creator: Miqdad Qadir
creator: Nida Mohammad
creator: Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hind Gatoi, Islam Belhaoua, Kashf Akhtar , Miqdad Qadir, Nida Mohammad , Muhammad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 15
ending page: 27
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.216

The Impact of Educational Leadership Styles on Teacher Productivity: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: Teacher productivity, teacher motivation, and effectiveness of the institutions are core elements that depend on educational leadership. This is a rigorous comprehensive literature review that summarizes 64 empirical studies that were published in 2016-2025 to explore the effects of different leadership styles on teacher productivity in learning institutions. Based on the PRISMA framework and quality assessment programs, we reviewed studies in K-12 and higher education settings. The results indicate that transformational leadership which involves visionary inspiration and mentorship as well as individualized consideration are associated to have the greatest effect on teacher productivity (b = 0.52-0.70), instructional leadership which is based on pedagogical support (b = 0.45-0.65) and democratic leadership based on collaboration (b = 0.40-0.55). Transactional leadership has a small short-term impact (b = 0.20-0.35) but is not sustainable whereas autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles have negative implications on teacher performance. The most important mediating variables are job satisfaction, school climate, and professional development engagement. It is important to note that the effectiveness of leadership is heavily contextual such as the resources available in the school, the structure of governance, the cultural values and the socioeconomic context. Instead of adopting the single style, integrated, hybrid methods involving transformational vision, instructional expertise, and collaborative structures are more effective. The review marks out such crucial problems as the administrative overload, resource limitations, and the lack of preparedness among leaders. The main implications of the study to practitioners will be the creation of multifaceted leadership competence, instructional focus, positive school climate, and lifelong professional growth. The policymakers would need to enhance principal preparation, provide an environment where effective leade…
creator: Atif Nadeem
creator: Saima Iram
creator: Haseen Akhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Atif Nadeem, Saima Iram , Haseen Akhtar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 28
ending page: 41
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.217

Enterprise Intelligence 5.0: Human AI Co-Creation Models for Strategic Leadership, Innovation, and Competitive Advantage
type: item
description: This study examined Enterprise Intelligence 5.0 as a human–AI co-creation paradigm where artificial intelligence functions as a strategic partner, not a substitute. A quantitative design investigated how human–AI co-creation, leadership orientation, organizational learning, and trust in AI influence innovation performance and competitive advantage. Data from a structured survey of managers in AI-enabled organizations revealed that human–AI co-creation exerted the strongest positive effect on innovation, followed by leadership orientation, organizational learning, and trust. Innovation increased significantly with higher AI adoption, showing Enterprise Intelligence 5.0 enhances exploratory capability, creativity, and strategic agility. The findings indicate AI’s value is realized not through technology alone, but via quality human–AI collaboration supported by ethical leadership, a learning culture, and governance. Theoretically, the study frames Enterprise Intelligence 5.0 as a socio-technical system of augmentation, not automation. Practically, it emphasizes leadership commitment, transparency, AI literacy, and responsible governance to sustain innovation. Future research should adopt longitudinal and mixed methods to explore evolving co-creation dynamics. A key insight is the importance of iterative feedback loops allowing humans to refine AI, boosting accuracy and trust. Organizations with co-learning environments and psychological safety reported higher adoption and innovation. Integrating AI into cross-functional workflows accelerated decision-making and data-driven experimentation. Successful deployment relies on ethical oversight and inclusivity, aligning AI with organizational values. Early-adopting sectors like healthcare and finance saw gains in personalization and risk management. Thus, Enterprise Intelligence 5.0 is more about strategic human-machine alignment than technological sophistication. Sustaining advantage requires continuous skill development, …
creator: Sohrab Khan Magsi
creator: Muhammad Ahmad
creator: Muhammad Amoon Khalid
creator: Muhammad Irfan Syed
creator: Jafar Ali
creator: Maham Fazal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sohrab Khan Magsi, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Amoon Khalid, Muhammad Irfan Syed, Jafar Ali, Maham Fazal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-04
publication date: 2026-01-04
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 42
ending page: 53
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.220

Awareness, Competence, and Perceptions of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and the Metaverse among Pakistani University Librarians
type: item
description: This study assesses the readiness of Pakistani university librarians for Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Metaverse technologies by examining their awareness, competence, interest, and perceptions. A quantitative survey design was employed, with data collected from 96 librarians via a validated online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse demographic profiles, awareness, proficiency, interest levels, and perceived future roles of these technologies. Librarians demonstrated moderate to high awareness of AR and the Metaverse but lower awareness of VR. Practical proficiency was limited across all three technologies. However, strong interest was expressed in learning and integrating these tools into library services. Perceptions of the Metaverse’s future role varied, with many anticipating moderates to transformative impacts. The study calls for targeted training programs, curriculum revisions, and institutional investments in infrastructure and partnerships to bridge the competence gap and foster technology adoption. This is the first empirical study in Pakistan to focus on librarians’ readiness for immersive technologies, offering foundational insights for policy, practice, and future research in developing countries. References Abid, S., Awan, B., Ismail, T., & et al. (2019). Artificial intelligence: Medical students' attitude in district Peshawar Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Public Health, 9(1), 19–21. Adeyemi, I. O., Sulaiman, K. A., Abdulsalam, Z. M., & et al. (2023). Virtual and augmented reality as predictors of users’ intention to use Lagos State Public Library, Lagos State, Nigeria. The Electronic Library, 41(5), 682–699. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-11-2022-0257 Ajani, Y. A., Enakrire, R. T., Oladokun, B. D., & et al. (2023). Reincarnation of libraries via metaverse: A pathway for a sustainable knowledge system in the digital age. Business Information Review. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/026638212312…
creator: Hina Sardar
creator: Muhammad Kabir Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hina Sardar, Muhammad Kabir Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 54
ending page: 72
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.221

Media, Mind, and Crime: Psychological and Communicative Dimensions of Criminal Representation
type: item
description: This study examined how media representations of crime influenced public psychology and communicative meaning-making within contemporary digital and news environments. Focusing on the interaction between media framing, emotional processing, and audience interpretation, the research investigated how crime narratives shaped fear of crime, trust in criminal justice institutions, and perceived social risk. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining a systematic content analysis of crime-related media with a survey of media users to assess psychological and attitudinal outcomes. The results showed that higher exposure to crime-focused media was associated with increased fear, heightened perceptions of crime severity, and declining confidence in law enforcement and judicial systems. Sensationalized framing significantly intensified emotional arousal and threat perception, whereas contextualized reporting produced more balanced and less fear-driven evaluations. These findings indicated that media narratives did not simply reflect crime but actively constructed symbolic meanings about danger, morality, and social order. The study also found that digital platforms and true-crime formats amplified these effects by encouraging emotional engagement, repetition, and participatory interpretation of criminal events. By integrating psychological theories of fear, attention, and narrative processing with communication theories of framing and media effects, the research offered a comprehensive model explaining how crime representations shaped both individual cognition and collective attitudes. The study contributed to media psychology and criminological communication by demonstrating that mediated crime narratives played a central role in shaping public consciousness, with important implications for journalism ethics, digital platform governance, and public trust in justice systems. References Albrecht, K., Horvath, L., & Heikel, M. (2022). Assigning punishment: Reader responses …
creator: Atif Abbas
creator: Dr. Muhammad Zakir
creator: Maria Isani
creator: Muhammad Faheem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Atif Abbas, Dr. Muhammad Zakir, Maria Isani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-18
publication date: 2026-01-18
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 73
ending page: 86
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.222

Impact of 21st Century Teaching Skills for Active Learning to Enhance the Leadership Qualities of University Students in Pakistan
type: item
description: The study investigated the impact of 21st-century teaching skills on active learning and the development of leadership qualities among university students in Pakistan. It aimed to examine how contemporary pedagogical practices influenced student engagement and leadership competencies. A quantitative research design was employed, using a descriptive-correlation approach to collect and analyse numerical data regarding teaching strategies, active learning and leadership development. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 300 students from ten departments of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, with 287 valid responses received. The questionnaire measured three primary constructs: 21st-century teaching skills, active learning and leadership qualities. Validity was established through expert opinions, while reliability was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.88, 0.85 and 0.90, respectively, indicating high internal consistency. Data were analysed using SPSS-26.0, applying descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis to determine relationships among variables and the predictive influence of teaching skills and active learning on leadership qualities. Findings revealed that students perceived teachers as effectively implementing modern teaching strategies that promoted active engagement, collaboration and problem-solving. Active learning was positively associated with the development of leadership qualities, including accountability, initiative and teamwork. Regression analysis indicated that both 21st-century teaching skills and active learning significantly predicted leadership outcomes, highlighting the crucial role of student-centred pedagogies. The study concluded that modern teaching practices, combined with active learning opportunities, enhanced leadership development among university students, providing evidence for curriculum and faculty development initiatives aimed at preparing future leaders. References Ahm…
creator: Sadam Hussain
creator: Dr. Nosheen Malik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sadam Hussain, Dr. Nosheen Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 87
ending page: 100
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.223

Parental Socioeconomic Status and Digital Academic Engagement of University Students in AJK, Pakistan
type: item
description: The research question is the ways in which socioeconomic status of parents affects access of and utilization of digital academic services by the university students and their satisfaction with the services and challenges they face in the institutions of higher learning in Azar Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. This work is the result of increased importance of digital tools in academic use as well as the overall trend of the digital divide which seems to be correlated with socioeconomic differences. A sample sized of 124 university students was picked, and the structured questionnaire was carried to them, chosen from various backgrounds. It gathered socio-demographic variables, SES variables (parents education level, occupation, and household income), and digitization access variables (ownership of devices, availability of internet, frequency of use, and number of hours of use per day) and variables of satisfaction (perceived effectiveness, effects of performance, and availability). The initial descriptive statistics were that students who belonged to higher SES families possessed their own personal devices, had good access to internet, and used digital resources more often than those belonging to lower SES-groups. Chi-square test and ANOVA tests revealed that digital satisfaction and internet access were dependent on income and education. Lastly, the level of SES groups experienced a higher number of barriers such as financial and lack of connectivity, as well as institutional support that added to the structural discrimination of digital access. The results indicate that this should be done through policy formulation, the institutional investments in infrastructures and developing insights in digital literacy so that the accrued benefits of the entire population can be equally obtained by all and inclusive in accessing to digital educational materials. References Agarwal, P., et al. (2023). SES inclusive platform improvements: A SESMag case study. arXiv. https://…
creator: Muhammad Awais
creator: Dr. Shehzad Ahmad
creator: Prof. Syed Arif Ali Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Awais, Dr. Shehzad Ahmad, Prof. Syed Arif Ali Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 101
ending page: 114
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.224

The Future of Work in Digital Banking: Aligning HR Tech Adoption with Marketing Innovation and Financial KPIs
type: item
description: This study investigated how the future of work in digital banking was shaped by the strategic alignment of human resource (HR) technology adoption, marketing innovation, and financial key performance indicators (KPIs). As banks increasingly relied on artificial intelligence, analytics, and digital platforms, traditional boundaries between workforce management, customer engagement, and financial performance were transformed. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from managerial employees in digital banking institutions to examine how HR technologies and marketing innovation influenced financial outcomes. The findings demonstrated that HR technology adoption significantly improved workforce efficiency, service quality, and cost control, which in turn enhanced financial performance. Marketing innovation, through personalization, omnichannel engagement, and data-driven campaigns, also showed a strong positive relationship with revenue growth and customer lifetime value. More importantly, the results revealed that marketing innovation strengthened the impact of HR technology on financial performance, indicating that digitally skilled employees were better able to translate technological capabilities into customer value and financial returns. This alignment reflected a shift toward hybrid human–technology work systems in which employees collaborated with intelligent tools rather than being replaced by them. The study contributed to the literature on digital transformation and the future of work by demonstrating that sustainable financial performance in digital banking depended not only on technology investments but on their strategic integration across HR and marketing functions. The findings offered practical guidance for banking leaders seeking to build agile, innovative, and financially resilient digital organizations. Abdurrahman, A., Suriani, S., Nonci, J., Nur, A., & Irfani, A. I. (2024). Impact of dynamic capabilities on digital transformation a…
creator: Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khoso
creator: Dr. Farhan Ali Soomro
creator: Muhammad Ameer Hamza
creator: Muhammad Irfan Syed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Rafique Ahmed Khoso, Dr. Farhan Ali Soomro, Muhammad Ameer Hamza, Muhammad Irfan Syed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 115
ending page: 127
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.225

Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Selective Exposure: Media Use and Opinion Formation in Polarized Digital Spaces
type: item
description: The proliferation of digital media platforms has fundamentally transformed the ways individuals consume information and form opinions. This study examined the role of echo chambers, filter bubbles, and selective exposure in shaping user perceptions and opinion polarization within online environments. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 450 active social media users to investigate patterns of content consumption, perceived algorithmic influence, and the relationship between selective exposure and opinion formation. Findings indicated that a significant majority of participants were frequently exposed to ideologically consonant content, demonstrating the prevalence of echo chambers and algorithmically curated filter bubbles. High levels of selective exposure were positively associated with increased opinion polarization, suggesting that repeated engagement with like-minded content reinforced existing beliefs and limited exposure to divergent perspectives. Perceived algorithmic influence varied among users, highlighting the moderating role of human agency in navigating content personalization. The study concluded that both structural mechanisms, such as algorithmic recommendations, and behavioural patterns, such as selective exposure, jointly contributed to ideological reinforcement in digital spaces. Implications for media literacy, platform design, and policy interventions were discussed, emphasizing the importance of fostering informational diversity to mitigate polarization. This research provides empirical evidence on the dynamics of opinion formation in digitally mediated spaces and offers guidance for strategies aimed at promoting inclusive and balanced discourse in online communities. References Ahmed, R., & Thompson, L. (2024). Selective exposure behavior in polarized publics. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 29(3), 260–280. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmab042 Ahmmad, M., Shahzad, K., Iqbal, A., & Latif, M. (2025). Trap o…
creator: Majid Hameed
creator: Muhammad Faheem
creator: Durdana
creator: Aqib Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Majid Hameed, Muhammad Faheem, Rafique, Aqib Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 128
ending page: 141
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.226

Students’ Inclination from Pure Sciences to Computer Science: An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study
type: item
description: Students' academic preferences have changed a lot in the past few years. They are more interested in computer science (CS) as compared to pure sciences. This study aims to investigate the motives behind this shift among Intermediate-level students. A five-point Likert scale was used to conduct a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. Response of 1,231 participants, including teachers and students from 11th and 12th grades was recorded. Descriptive statistics, including the mean and standard deviation, were calculated. T-test and ANOVA test were applied to measure the statistical significance difference among different groups. The significance of the results was compared using p-value (p = 0.05). The results reveal that students perceive that pure sciences are hard to understand with limited old lab equipment and provide few job opportunities. On the other hand, computer science was strongly linked to better job prospects, higher pay, job security, and being useful for modern technology. Students' preference for technology-based education was also strengthened by schools' focus on computer science programs, government policies that encourage digital skills. Parents' influence and students’ own exposure to social media and digital environments further strengthen their interest to CS. Results also indicate that there is statistical significance difference between teachers and students, especially when it came to career goals and how schools set priorities. This study concludes that; the inclination from pure sciences to CS is more due to structural and socioeconomic factors than a lack of interest in science. To keep both sciences in line, we need to make science education more modern, make career paths clearer, and fair educational policies. References Ahmad, R., Hussain, S., Rumi, S., Jabeen, S., & Ruqia, B. (2025). Laboratory teaching and challenges: A study of secondary schools in District Chitral. International Journal of Social Science Archives, 8(3), 123–1…
creator: Muhammad Awais
creator: Muhammad Rashid
creator: Zahid Hussain
creator: Muhammad Muttraf Rasool
creator: Hafiza Ayesha Anwar
creator: Aamir Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Rashid, Zahid Hussain, Muhammad Muttraf Rasool, Hafiza Ayesha Anwar, Aamir Abbas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 142
ending page: 159
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.227

Middle East Conflicts & Their Influence on International Politics
type: item
description: Geopolitical processes and relations in the Middle East have profoundly shaped world politics since the early twentieth century. This study focuses on the degree to which regional conflicts impact global political systems, alliances, and decision-making. Using empirical techniques like correlation and regression analysis, it assesses the relationship between regional instability, shifts in the global distribution of power, and diplomatic reactions. The results confirm that these conflicts significantly influence international alignments, foreign policy orientations, and security arrangements, with organizations like the United Nations playing a critical, though often challenging, role in mediation. The analysis identifies regional volatility as a key driver of global energy market fluctuations and migration crises, directly impacting economic stability and domestic politics worldwide. Furthermore, the Middle East serves as a primary theatre for great power competition, where rivalries between the United States, Russia, and China are expressed through proxy conflicts and arms deals. This competition restructures international power dynamics, often entrenching local conflicts while creating transnational security threats, such as the proliferation of non-state armed groups. These interconnected effects: economic, humanitarian, and strategic, demonstrate that Middle Eastern instability is a persistent and potent input into the global system. The perpetual turmoil in the Middle East continuously reshapes the international arena by forging new security alliances, altering trade routes, and consuming significant diplomatic capital. The paper argues that regional stability is therefore not an isolated concern but a fundamental prerequisite for broader global order. This necessitates an integrated international approach, recognizing that events in the Middle East rarely remain contained, instead sending disruptive reverberations throughout the entire network of contemporary…
creator: Shahbaz Ahmed
creator: Madiha Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shahbaz Ahmed, Madiha Bashir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 160
ending page: 172
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.228

Entrepreneurship in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Redefining Opportunity Recognition, Labour Substitution, and Innovation Processes
type: item
description: This study examined the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship, focusing on opportunity recognition, labour substitution, and innovation processes. Rapid advancements in AI technologies altered traditional entrepreneurial practices by enabling data-driven decision-making, predictive analytics, and automation of routine tasks. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 350 entrepreneurs and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) who had adopted AI in their business operations. Descriptive statistics, reliability tests, regression analysis, and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to analyse the relationships between AI adoption and entrepreneurial outcomes. The results revealed that AI adoption significantly enhanced opportunity recognition by enabling entrepreneurs to identify emerging market trends, assess risks, and make informed strategic decisions. AI also facilitated labour substitution by automating repetitive tasks, allowing human resources to focus on creative and analytical roles. Moreover, AI-driven innovation processes accelerated product development, improved operational efficiency, and supported experimentation, thereby strengthening entrepreneurial performance. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as workforce displacement, ethical concerns, and limited access to AI technologies were identified as barriers to full adoption. The study concluded that AI functions as a strategic enabler that reshapes entrepreneurial practices, labour dynamics, and innovation strategies. The findings provide valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and academic institutions to implement adaptive strategies for sustainable and inclusive entrepreneurial growth in the era of artificial intelligence. References Ali, A., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Institutional inertia vs. ethical innovation: A comparative analysis of AI governance at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur and…
creator: Muhammad Sarfraz Latif
creator: Mansoor Ahmed Soomro
creator: Asif Ahmad
creator: Muhammad Irfan Syed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sarfraz Latif, Mansoor Ahmed Soomro, Asif Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan Syed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 173
ending page: 186
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.229

Geopolitics of Energy Transition: United States Assistance to Pakistan
type: item
description: This article provides a comprehensive examination of the United States' role in addressing Pakistan's pressing energy security challenges. As a nation heavily reliant on energy imports, Pakistan faces the critical task of securing substantial technological and economic assistance from major global powers to satisfy its domestic energy requirements. The United States, as an established global leader, not only possesses the advanced technological capabilities necessary to support Pakistan's legitimate energy needs but also holds a strategic position to influence the region's energy landscape. Simultaneously, China has emerged as a key player, demonstrating a robust and growing interest in providing energy assistance to Pakistan. This dual interest from two of the world's foremost powers creates a complex geopolitical environment, requiring Pakistan to perform a delicate diplomatic balancing act to maintain constructive relations with both Washington and Beijing without alienating either. Employing Power Transition Theory as its central theoretical framework, this paper offers a critical and nuanced evaluation of the rationale underpinning U.S.-Pakistan green energy collaboration, explicitly juxtaposing it with the nature and scope of Chinese involvement in Pakistan's energy sector. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology, incorporating a mixed-methods approach to analyse a diverse array of primary and secondary data sources, including policy documents, bilateral agreements, and scholarly discourse. The central argument posits that the U.S. approach to facilitating a green energy transition in Pakistan is predominantly motivated by its own strategic security interests within the South Asian region, rather than purely developmental or environmental concerns. The analysis further concludes that in the face of intensifying strategic competition from China, the United States must accelerate and substantiate its energy cooperation efforts to remain a relevant and influ…
creator: Shamaim Ali
creator: Dr. Sameera Imran
creator: Laila Rehman
creator: Aliza Abrar
creator: Sadia Manzoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shamaim Ali, Dr. Sameera Imran, Laila Rehman, Aliza Abrar, Sadia Manzoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 187
ending page: 202
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.230

Artificial Intelligence in FinTech and Its Implications for International Trade Efficiency
type: item
description: This study examined the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in Financial Technology (FinTech) and its implications for international trade efficiency. The research investigated how AI-driven mechanisms such as automated document processing, enhanced risk assessment, fraud detection, and compliance systems contributed to transaction cost reduction and overall trade performance. Using quantitative analysis, the study evaluated relationships among AI adoption, operational efficiency variables, and international trade efficiency. The findings revealed that AI integration significantly improved trade efficiency by accelerating cross-border payment processes, minimizing financial risks, and enhancing regulatory transparency. Transaction cost reduction emerged as a critical mediating factor linking AI-enabled FinTech innovations to improved trade outcomes. The results indicated that predictive analytics and machine learning models strengthened credit evaluation and fraud monitoring, thereby reducing uncertainty and information asymmetry in global trade transactions. The study concluded that AI-driven FinTech solutions functioned as strategic enablers of competitiveness in international markets by enhancing speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of trade finance operations. The findings provided empirical support for digital transformation theories within financial inter-mediation and highlighted the importance of supportive regulatory frameworks and digital infrastructure development. The study offered practical recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions seeking to leverage AI technologies to improve global trade efficiency. References Ali, A., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Institutional inertia vs. ethical innovation: A comparative analysis of AI governance at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur and Cambridge University Press. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(4), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.63878/cjssr.v3i4.1695 Almoghayer,…
creator: Ali Raza
creator: Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Raza, Muhammad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 203
ending page: 214
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.231

When Brands Listen Back: Adaptive Marketing Systems, Consumer Feedback Loops, and the Emergence of Responsive Market Intelligence
type: item
description: The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed traditional marketing systems into adaptive, feedback-driven architectures capable of generating real-time strategic intelligence. This study investigated how consumer feedback loops and AI-driven predictive analytics contributed to the emergence of responsive market intelligence in digitally intensive organizations. Drawing upon dynamic capabilities and market orientation perspectives, the research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design using survey data collected from marketing and analytics professionals. The findings revealed that structured consumer feedback mechanisms significantly enhanced real-time insight generation and strategic learning processes. AI and predictive analytics integration strengthened forecasting accuracy and personalization effectiveness, while organizational responsiveness emerged as the strongest predictor of responsive market intelligence. Mediation analysis further indicated that technological capabilities generated optimal value when supported by agile decision-making structures. The results demonstrated that adaptive marketing systems functioned as comprehensive strategic capabilities rather than isolated technological tools. By aligning feedback infrastructures with predictive analytics and agile organizational processes, firms improved strategic agility, customer engagement, and competitive positioning. The study contributed to contemporary marketing scholarship by integrating feedback loop theory with AI-enabled analytics to conceptualize responsive market intelligence as a dynamic, learning-oriented capability. Managerial implications emphasized system integration, cross-functional coordination, and ethical data governance as critical success factors for sustainable adaptive marketing transformation in volatile digital markets. References Ahmed, N., & Zhou, L. (2024). Advancing marketing measurement through AI-integrated continuous feedback loops. Research Square…
creator: Shahid Hussain
creator: Dr. Sanya Shahid
creator: Muhammad Ameer Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shahid Hussain, Dr Sanya Shahid , Muhammad Ameer Hamza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 215
ending page: 226
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.232

AI-Based Adaptive Learning Systems and their role in Enhancing Student Academic Performance
type: item
description: The purpose of the study is to explore students’ perception regarding AI-based adaptive learning systems and examine how students perceive that AI systems have impacted their academic performance. The study is focused on such fundamental areas like awareness, perceived usefulness, personalization, engagement, challenges, and behavioural intention to use adaptive technology on learning. The research approach was quantitative and survey-based design. The data was collected using a sample of 300 students of different levels of education who were previously exposed to AI-based adaptive learning systems. On the basis of the demographic features and various dimensions of adaptive learning, the responses were gathered with the assistance of a structured questionnaire. The analysis of the data was based on descriptive statistical tools, including frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations. The results prove that the students are highly aware of the AI-based adaptive learning systems and that the students have high perceived usefulness of the technologies. It was also discovered that individualization and flexibility were strengths particularly in providing of personalized learning pathways and pacing. The research also indicates the presence of a positive impact on student engagement, self-directed learning, and perceived academic performance, particularly in reaching the learning objectives and positively affecting test performance. Nevertheless, such threats like the limitation of the internet, technical difficulties, and usability problems were discovered to impede optimal use. In spite of these obstacles, students were also reported to have a high behavioural intention to use AI-based adaptive learning systems again. The paper concludes that AI-based adaptive learning systems can be highly effective to improve the student learning process and academic performance in case they are correctly implemented. To maximise their educational impact, it is nece…
creator: Mahrukh Rehman Mirza
creator: Sadaf Raja
creator: Amal Noor Nizami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mahrukh Rehman Mirza, Sadaf Raja, Amal Noor Nizami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 227
ending page: 240
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.233

Smart Supply Chain Ecosystems: Artificial Intelligence Enabled Integration of Planning, Execution, and Performance Management
type: item
description: The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed traditional supply chain models into intelligent, interconnected ecosystems. This study investigated the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enabling the integration of planning, execution, and performance management within smart supply chain ecosystems. A quantitative research design was employed to collect data from supply chain professionals across manufacturing and service sectors. Statistical analyses, including reliability testing, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis, were conducted to evaluate the relationships among AI-enabled planning, AI-enabled execution, AI-enabled performance management, and supply chain performance. The findings revealed that AI integration significantly improved forecasting accuracy, operational efficiency, responsiveness, and overall performance. AI-enabled execution emerged as the strongest direct predictor of supply chain performance, while AI-enabled performance management played a mediating role in strengthening the linkage between strategic planning and operational outcomes. The results emphasized that holistic AI integration across supply chain functions yielded greater performance benefits than isolated technological implementations. The study contributed to the theoretical advancement of smart supply chain ecosystem frameworks and provided practical insights for organizations seeking sustainable competitive advantage in volatile environments. The findings underscored the importance of ecosystem-level integration, governance mechanisms, and workforce readiness in maximizing AI-driven transformation. References Ali, A. A. A., Sharabati, A.-A. A., Alqurashi, D. R., & Shkeer, A. S. (2024). Impact of AI and supply chain collaboration on resilience. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12, 1801–1818. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.1.004 Anumula, S. K., Krishnapillai, V., & Rai, D. K. (2025). Optimizing supply chain management with AI-powered predictive a…
creator: Zujaj Ahmed
creator: Jauhar Abbas
creator: Ahsan Basharat Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zujaj Ahmed, Jauhar Abbas , Ahsan Basharat Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 241
ending page: 252
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.234

Impact of Green HRM on Employee Commitment: Moderating Role of Green Leadership
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) on employee commitment and investigated the moderating role of green leadership. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected from 285 employees working in sustainability-oriented organizations. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that Green HRM had a significant positive effect on employee commitment (β = 0.64, p < 0.001) and explained 41% of the variance (R² = 0.41). When green leadership was added to the model, the explained variance increased to 52%, confirming its independent contribution. Furthermore, the interaction term between Green HRM and green leadership was significant (β = 0.21, p < 0.01), raising the total explained variance to 56%, which confirmed the presence of moderation. The results demonstrated that environmentally oriented HR practices enhanced employees’ emotional attachment and loyalty, particularly when supported by sustainability-driven leadership behaviours. The study contributed to sustainability and HRM literature by integrating structural HR mechanisms with leadership dynamics within a moderated regression framework. Practically, the findings suggested that organizations seeking to strengthen employee commitment should align green HR policies with authentic environmental leadership practices. The integration of sustainability-focused HR systems and green leadership created a reinforcing mechanism that supported long-term organizational commitment and environmental responsibility. References Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.010 Ahmed, S., & Asif, M. (2026). Public opinion on the effectiveness of local government anti-corruption measures: A multi-city survey analysis. International Journal of Social Scie…
creator: Nida Mohammad
creator: Dr. Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
creator: Abdul Basit
creator: Muhammad Irfan Syed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nida Mohammad, Dr. Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Abdul Basit, Muhammad Irfan Syed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
volume: 5
number: 1
starting page: 253
ending page: 267
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i1.235