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Beyond STEM: A Narrative Review of STEAM Education's Impact on Creativity and Innovation (2020–2025)
STEM education, although essential for building technical competencies, has faced criticism for its limited capacity to develop the innovation and creativity needed for the 21st century. STEAM education has emerged as a paradigm shift by embracing the Arts for developing comprehensive problem-solving, divergent thinking, and adaptability alongside analytical proficiency. This narrative review of research from 2020 onwards examines the consolidated evidence of published studies from 2020 to 2025 on the shift from STEM to STEAM education's effects on the innovation-readiness of learners. Complying with PRISMA guidelines, the present review examined 40 peer-reviewed articles to map the international landscape of STEAM research that reveals a predominant contribution from the USA, Spain, and other nations from Asia. The majority of the findings demonstrate convincingly that STEAM's project-based, transdisciplinary, and technology-facilitated teaching approaches substantially enhance the creative thinking, problem-solving capacity, motivation, and collaborative skills of learners across varying age groups and learning levels. CPACK and Design Thinking as crucial theoretical pillars are important in its effective implementation. Despite the fact that the evidence demonstrates the positive impact of STEAM, there is an existing need for successful curricular changes, continuous professional development of teachers, and effective investments in the development of digital infrastructure. It was concluded in this review that STEAM education has a considerable potential as a catalyst for preparing learners to engage with a more complex and innovation-driven world, and offers insights for potential directions to inform policy development and practical implementation. 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Leadership Outcomes through the Lens of Workplace Spirituality and Character Development
This study examined leadership outcomes through the dual lens of workplace spirituality and character development, highlighting their combined role in enhancing leadership effectiveness. The primary aim was to explore how these constructs influenced leadership practices within organizational contexts. The introduction positioned spirituality and character as complementary frameworks for fostering values-driven leadership in increasingly complex environments. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured survey administered to 210 respondents across diverse organizational sectors. The measures included validated scales for workplace spirituality, character development, and leadership effectiveness. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modelling were conducted to test the relationships among variables. The results indicated strong positive correlations between workplace spirituality and leadership effectiveness, as well as between character development and leadership outcomes. Among the predictors, character development demonstrated the strongest effect, highlighting the importance of virtues such as integrity and accountability. Furthermore, the interaction of spirituality and character revealed a synergistic influence on leadership, underscoring the significance of integrating both dimensions into leadership development practices. The study concluded that leadership effectiveness is best cultivated when organizations promote both spiritual awareness and character-based competencies. Future research was recommended to employ longitudinal and cross-cultural approaches, offering deeper insights into the evolving dynamics of spirituality, character, and leadership in global contexts. References Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2017). 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Copyright (c) 2025 Waqas Ahmed, Kamran Imtiaz, Muhammad Muzammil, Suleman Muhammad Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Resilient Supply Chains in the Post-Pandemic Era: Strategies for Risk Mitigation and Continuity
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed unprecedented vulnerabilities in global supply chains, revealing fragilities in logistics, sourcing, workforce stability, and digital preparedness. This study investigates resilience strategies in the post-pandemic era, focusing on risk mitigation and continuity mechanisms that can sustain operations under systemic shocks. Drawing on insights from supply chain risk management theory, resilience theory, and the resource-based view (RBV), the research emphasizes how organizations can transition from reactive disruption responses toward proactive, long-term resilience planning. The methodology adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining survey data from supply chain professionals with secondary analysis of industry reports and academic studies. Findings demonstrated that short-term strategies, such as safety stocks and alternative suppliers, provided temporary relief, but long-term resilience required structural diversification, collaborative partnerships, and digital transformation. Technological enablers, including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and block-chain, were found to significantly improve visibility, predictive analytics, and trust across networks. Comparative analysis revealed that resilient supply chains balanced efficiency with adaptability, whereas fragile systems suffered prolonged recovery times. The study concludes that resilience must be embedded into supply chain design as a strategic priority, rather than a crisis-driven response. Recommendations include integrating digital technologies, enhancing multi-stakeholder collaboration, and strengthening human capital development. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts, sustainability synergies, and resilience strategies in developing economies to ensure inclusive and adaptive supply chain ecosystems. References Ambulkar, S., Blackhurst, J., & Grawe, S. (2015). Firm’s resilience to supply chain disruptions: Scale development and empirical examination. Journal of Operations Management, 33, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.11.002 Asif, M., Adil Pasha, M., Shafiq, S., & Craine, I. (2022). Economic Impacts of Post COVID-19. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v1i1.6 Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and Audit Resilience in Digital Finance: Global Insights and the Pakistani Context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.3.47 Bag, S., Gupta, S., & Foropon, C. (2021). Examining the role of artificial intelligence in fostering supply chain resilience. 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The evolution of resilience in supply chain management: A retrospective on ensuring supply chain resilience. Journal of Business Logistics, 40(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12202 Pournader, M., Kach, A., & Talluri, S. (2020). A review of the existing and emerging topics in the supply chain risk management literature. Decision Sciences, 51(4), 867–919. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12470 Queiroz, M. M., Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., & Fosso Wamba, S. (2022). Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: Mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review. Annals of Operations Research, 319(1), 1159–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7 Rafi, A., Roy, S. K., Rehman, M. A., & Hasni, M. J. S. (2025). Impact of multidimensional presence on user well-being in metaverse communities. Decision Support Systems, 189, 114382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114382 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Beyond the blackboards: Building a micro-edtech economy through teacher-led innovation in low-income schools. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16875721 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Bridging the skills divide: A comparative study of skill-based education across SAARC countries with a policy roadmap for Pakistan. Social Science Review Archives, 3(3), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.913 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Use of artificial intelligence in school management: A contemporary need of school education system in Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(2), 1984–2009. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.2.56 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Khalid, N., & Shafi, S. (2024). Historical analysis of environmental degradation in Pakistan: A narrative review. Global Political Review, IX(IV), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(IX-IV).03 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Khalid, N., Faridi, M. Z., & Khan, Z. A. (2024). Smog mitigation and climate resilience in Pakistan: A policy-centric review of strategies and challenges. Social Sciences Spectrum, 3(4), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.71085/sss.03.04.175 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Malik, N., & Bano, S. (2025). Learning to innovate: WhatsApp groups as grassroots innovation ecosystems among micro-entrepreneurs in emerging markets. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(1), 1854–1862. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.1.47 Remko, V. H. (2020). Research opportunities for a more resilient post-COVID-19 supply chain—Closing the gap between research findings and industry practice. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(4), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-03-2020-0165 Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2117–2135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261 Sarkis, J. 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Copyright (c) 2025 Zujaj Ahmed, Sikandar Nawab Khattak, Akbar Ali Rabbani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fiscal Policy and Public Debt: Evidence from Pakistan
This study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the dynamic relationship between fiscal policy and public debt sustainability in Pakistan from 1990 to 2023. It investigates the long- and short-run impacts of government expenditure, taxation, and fiscal deficits on the nation's escalating debt burden. Employing a quantitative research design and advanced econometric techniques, including the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research utilizes robust time-series data from the State Bank of Pakistan, World Bank, and IMF. The findings reveal that persistent fiscal deficits are the primary driver of public debt accumulation, exhibiting a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, while tax revenue enhancements demonstrate a limited stabilizing effect in the short run, their role in ensuring long-term debt sustainability is critical. The analysis identifies a structural imbalance, with recurrent government expenditure, particularly on debt-servicing and non-developmental sectors, crowding out productive investment and exacerbating fiscal fragility. The study concludes that Pakistan's fiscal policy has historically prioritized short-term political and economic objectives, inadvertently fuelling a debt-deficit spiral and compromising long-term macroeconomic stability. Consequently, the research strongly advocates for deep-rooted structural reforms, including a significant broadening of the tax base, strategic rationalization of public spending towards development projects, and the institutionalization of fiscal discipline through enhanced governance and transparency. These measures are imperative to break the cycle of indebtedness and secure a trajectory of sustainable and inclusive economic growth. References Ahmad, M. H., & Abbas, Q. (2022). Fiscal deficit and public debt sustainability in Pakistan: Evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach. Economic Change and Restructuring, 55(3), 1473–1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-021-09371-0 Ahmed, F., & Khan, M. A. (2021). Fiscal policy, debt dynamics, and economic growth: Evidence from developing economies. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(6), 1125–1142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2020-0074 Ahmed, S., & Malik, R. (2020). Revenue mobilization and debt sustainability: A comparative analysis of South Asian economies. South Asian Journal of Economic Policy, 5(2), 75–92. Ali, M., & Khan, T. (2019). Fiscal sustainability and the debt-growth nexus: Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Review, 42(1), 55–70. Anwar, H., & Qasim, A. (2020). External borrowing and fiscal sustainability in Pakistan: New insights from ARDL modeling. International Journal of Development Studies, 15(3), 145–160. Anwar, S., & Shah, F. (2021). Economic growth and debt sustainability: Evidence from Asian emerging economies. Asian Economic Review, 63(2), 215–233. Arsh, S., Sarwar, J., & Iftikhar, S. (2021). An empirical analysis of short run and long run association between debt servicing and external debt in Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics. Baig, D., Qamri, G. M., Hassan, A., Khan, Q. R., & Akbar, A. (2024). Presence of Debt Overhung Effect in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence with ARDL Model. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 1911. Butt, H., & Awan, K. (2021). The role of external debt in shaping fiscal vulnerabilities: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of International Finance, 29(4), 390–406. Butt, S., & Hassan, A. (2020). Tax system inefficiencies and fiscal vulnerability: The case of Pakistan. Review of Public Finance, 12(2), 101–118. Farooq, I., Akram, M., Khan, C., & Shah, S. R. A. (2022). Disaggregated Components of Public Debt and Economic Growth of Pakistan. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v8i3.1975 Farooq, N., & Akram, S. (2019). Fiscal deficits and debt accumulation in Pakistan: A time series perspective. Pakistan Development Journal, 58(4), 321–339. Hanif, M. N., & Arby, M. F. (2021). Public debt dynamics and fiscal sustainability in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2019.1592756 Hassan, I., & Rauf, S. (2020). Fiscal discipline and debt sustainability: Policy lessons from Pakistan. Journal of Fiscal Studies, 11(1), 67–82. Hussain, A., & Latif, S. (2019). Fiscal policy, external debt, and macroeconomic instability: Evidence from Pakistan. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 7(3), 113–128. Hussain, F., & Tariq, M. (2020). Economic growth and debt reduction: Evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Economic Research, 72(2), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12245 Hussain, T., Mustafa, A. R. U., Makhdum, M. I., & Kaleem Ullah. (2022). Defense Expenditures, Fiscal Deficit and Debt Servicing Nexus: A Case Study of Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 11(2), 74-83. Iqbal, J., & Zahid, S. (2020). Does fiscal policy influence economic growth? Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1767850. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1767850 Iqbal, Z., & Ahmad, K. (2021). Public spending and debt dynamics in resource-constrained economies: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Policy Modeling, 43(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2020.11.003 Javed, A., & Arif, B. (2020). Fiscal expansion, debt accumulation, and growth trade-offs: Evidence from Pakistan. Asian Economic Journal, 34(1), 45–62. Javed, S., & Karim, A. (2019). Taxation, compliance, and fiscal vulnerability in developing countries: Insights from Pakistan. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 567–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1440735 Javed, U., & Rehman, M. (2020). Fiscal sustainability and econometric modeling: A study on Pakistan’s debt dynamics. Applied Economics and Policy, 29(2), 210–225. Khalid, A., & Munir, H. (2021). Growth volatility and debt sustainability in emerging economies: A case of Pakistan. International Review of Applied Economics, 35(5), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1851775 Khalid, S., & Nadeem, M. (2020). Structural reforms and fiscal sustainability: Evidence from Pakistan. Economic Policy Review, 13(2), 91–108. Khan, J., Subhan, S., & Gondal, A. H. (2023). Effect of External Debt Services on Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Social Science Archives. Khan, M. A., & Gill, A. R. (2022). External debt and economic growth in Pakistan: The role of fiscal policy. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2), e2468. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2468 Khan, R., & Ali, S. (2019). Tax base, fiscal institutions, and debt accumulation: A South Asian perspective. South Asian Journal of Economics, 7(1), 35–52. Malik, M., & Hussain, A. (2020). Fiscal deficits and the debt spiral: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Asian Economics, 67(3), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101169 Mehmood, R., & Latif, A. (2019). Growth-debt relationship in South Asia: Empirical evidence. Asian Development Journal, 26(2), 98–116. Minhaj ud-Din, Khan, M. A., & Tariq, M. (2020). External Debt - Blessing or Curse: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(4), 235–246. Naeem, A. (2009). Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth of Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 599–615. Qadir, T., & Farooq, S. (2019). Growth cycles and fiscal sustainability in emerging economies: Evidence from Pakistan. Economic Modelling Journal, 35(2), 110–125. Qureshi, N., & Ali, H. (2020). External debt and fiscal challenges: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(4), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8040055 Rashid, H., & Amjad, M. (2020). Fiscal policy, debt, and growth nexus: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Development, 45(1), 23–40. Rauf, A., & Awan, B. (2019). Fiscal deficits and debt accumulation: Empirical perspectives from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies, 14(3), 215–232. Rauf, S., & Qureshi, A. (2020). Fiscal institutions, tax capacity, and debt accumulation in Pakistan. Fiscal Studies Review, 9(1), 44–62. Rehman, A., & Ahmad, A. (2021). Fiscal policy, budget deficit and public debt nexus in Pakistan: A time series analysis. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00078-3 Saeed, H., & Khattak, N. (2019). Expansionary fiscal policy and debt in resource-constrained economies: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 11(5), 95–106. Saeed, R., & Shahid, M. (2021). Fiscal reforms and debt sustainability: Lessons from Pakistan. Review of Development Finance, 11(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2021.02.002 Shabbir, G., & Yasin, H. M. (2022). Analyzing the impact of government spending and public debt on economic growth: Evidence from Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00329-8 Shah, A., & Rehman, M. (2021). Fiscal institutions and public debt management in South Asia: Evidence from Pakistan. Asian Journal of Public Policy, 13(4), 342–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1885933 Shahid, A., & Karim, M. (2020). Fiscal deficits, debt accumulation, and sustainability challenges in Pakistan. Journal of Applied Economics, 23(2), 199–217. Tariq, H., & Abbas, F. (2021). Debt-deficit spiral and fiscal policy challenges in Pakistan. Economic Change and Restructuring, 54(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-020-09263-1 Tariq, M., & Malik, S. (2019). 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Copyright (c) 2025 Yasir Mahmood, Muhammad Ali, Ahmed, Tufail Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
FinTech 5.0 and the Future of Global Finance: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Big Data to Build Inclusive, Sustainable, and Resilient Financial Ecosystems
The rapid evolution of financial technologies (FinTech) has transformed global financial systems by reshaping transaction models, risk management practices, and financial inclusion strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data in advancing financial sustainability, risk mitigation, and inclusion. The research employed a quantitative methodology, collecting primary data through structured surveys distributed to finance professionals, technology experts, and banking stakeholders across developing economies. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression models to capture the impact of technological adoption on financial performance, inclusion, and resilience. The results demonstrated that artificial intelligence significantly enhanced predictive analytics and risk assessment processes, blockchain improved transparency and security in transactions, and big data supported decision-making and customer profiling. These technologies collectively showed strong positive associations with sustainable finance and greater access to financial services. Findings further revealed that financial technology adoption reduced systemic vulnerabilities and promoted resilience in volatile economic environments. In conclusion, the study confirmed that integrating advanced financial technologies fosters long-term financial stability, broadens inclusion, and mitigates systemic risks. Recommendations emphasized the need for regulatory frameworks, cross-sector collaboration, and capacity-building initiatives to maximize technological benefits. Future directions call for longitudinal studies exploring evolving FinTech adoption patterns and comparative cross-country analyses to strengthen evidence-based policymaking. References Asif, M. (2022). Integration of Information Technology in Financial Services and its Adoption by the Financial Sector in Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v1i2.31 Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and Audit Resilience in Digital Finance: Global Insights and the Pakistani Context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.3.47 Bahoo, S. (2024). Artificial intelligence applications in finance: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Financial Innovation, 10(2), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-023-00618-x Chien, F. (2025). Fintech and sustainable development: A systematic review of green finance innovations. 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The impact of big data on financial services: Regulatory and policy perspectives. Law and Contemporary Problems, 85(1), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3956473 Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C., & Weber, B. W. (2022). On the Fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of Management Information Systems, 39(1), 220–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2021.1870389 Gomber, P., Koch, J. A., & Siering, M. (2022). Digital finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions. Journal of Business Economics, 92(5), 769–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-022-01059-9 Hasan, I. (2024). FinTech and sustainable finance: Emerging pathways for ESG integration. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 14(2), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2023.2268923 Hasan, I. (2024). Green FinTech: Bridging finance and sustainability through innovation. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 14(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2024.2323212 Hernandez Aros, A. (2024). Artificial intelligence and financial services: Opportunities and risks. Journal of Banking Regulation, 25(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-023-00218-4 Hernandez Aros, J. (2024). Machine learning in finance: Risk, regulation, and future research agenda. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17010012 Jourdan, Z., Corley, J. K., Valentine, R., & Tran, A. M. (2023). Fintech: A content analysis of the finance and information systems literature. Electronic Markets, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-023-00624-9 Karadag, E., Cicek, D., & Aksu, G. (2024). Blockchain in finance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies, 10(2), 45–69. https://doi.org/10.32602/jafas.2024.009 Lee, J. (2025). Extending TAM and UTAUT for FinTech adoption: Trust, regulation, and risk. Electronic Markets, 35(2), 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-025-00789-4 Lee, J. (2025). Extending the technology acceptance model for AI and fintech adoption: A systematic review. Healthcare, 13(3), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030250 Li, Y., Spigt, R., & Swinkels, L. (2017). The impact of FinTech start-ups on incumbent retail banks’ share prices. Financial Innovation, 3(26), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-017-0076-7 Mashoene, L. (2025). Digital financial inclusion and resilience in developing economies: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Business, 26(1), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2024.2359874 Mhlanga, D. (2024). Big data analytics and financial technology: Driving innovation, inclusion, and risks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 7, 136. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.00136 Mujtaba, A. (2025). Strategic financial management in the era of globalization: The role of capital budgeting in multinational corporations. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(1), 2724–2739. https://doi.org/10.59075/yhmpha94 Ni, L., et al. (2023). Impact of fintech and environmental regulation on green innovation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. Ozili, P. K. (2023). Determinants of Fintech and Bigtech Lending: The role of financial inclusion and financial development. Journal of Economic Analysis, 2(3), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4526151 Pata, U. K., Si Mohammed, K., Nassani, A. A., & Ghosh, S. (2024). Discovering the sustainable development role of fintech credit and the pilot low carbon project on greenwashing in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability. Puschmann, T. (2020). Fintech. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 62(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-019-00644-2 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Beyond the blackboards: Building a micro-Edtech economy through teacher-led innovation in low-income schools. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16875721 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Malik, N., & Bano, S. (2025). Learning to innovate: WhatsApp groups as grassroots innovation ecosystems among micro-entrepreneurs in emerging markets. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(1), 1854–1862. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.1.47 Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710753 Sokol, D. (2023). FinTech and financial inclusion: The role of regulatory frameworks. Southern California Law Review, 96(4), 845–892. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4221123 Surabhi, K. (2024). FinTech 5.0: Towards a human-centric financial ecosystem. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 16(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n1p45 Surabhi, R. (2024). Evolution of FinTech models: From 1.0 to 5.0. International Journal of Financial Studies, 12(3), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12030088 Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540 Wu, Y. (2024). Blockchain adoption in financial services: A global perspective. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050210 Yudaruddin, R. (2023). Financial technology and bank stability in an emerging market. Heliyon / Emerging Markets Finance. Zhang, X., et al. (2024). Can fintech promote environmental investment in heavily polluting enterprises? Frontiers in Environmental Science. Zhang, Y., et al. (2024). Fintech’s role in carbon emission efficiency. Scientific Reports. Zhu, M., Chen, Z., Shen, W., & Li, C. (2024). The impact of Fintech on corporate ESG performance: Evidence from China. Available at SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4850538
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shakil, Muhammad Ali, Tanveer Illahi, Fauzia Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Employee Well-Being in Hybrid Work Environments: Balancing Productivity, Preventing Digital Burnout, and Promoting Mental Health in the Era of Remote and Flexible Work
Study examined the impact of hybrid work conditions on employee productivity, digital burnout, mental health outcomes, and organizational well-being support among professionals across technology, education, and finance sectors. Drawing on responses from 320 participants, the results revealed that hybrid work significantly improved flexibility, focus, and goal achievement while reducing commuting-related fatigues. However, a considerable proportion of employees reported moderate to high levels of digital burnout, primarily linked to mental exhaustion, difficulty disconnecting, and reduced motivation for online meetings. Advanced analyses revealed sector and gender disparities in burnout, with the education sector and female employees at higher risk. Screen time and meeting load were key predictors of burnout, while organizational support was a critical buffer. A mediated model confirmed that digital burnout partially explains the negative impact of screen time on job satisfaction, an effect that is weakened by strong organizational support. Despite these challenges, most participants maintained positive mental health outcomes, including satisfactory work-life balance and job satisfaction, reflecting the buffering role of perceived organizational support for well-being, such as flexible scheduling and mental health initiatives. The findings highlight the dual nature of hybrid work: it enhances productivity and autonomy while also intensifying screen fatigue and emotional strain. These insights contribute to the growing literature on post-pandemic work structures, emphasizing the need for human-centered organizational policies and sustainable digital engagement strategies. The study concludes that maintaining employee well-being in hybrid models requires proactive managerial support, structured communication, and digital detox initiatives. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and sector-specific adaptations to better optimize hybrid work frameworks for productivity and mental resilience. References Anjum, M., & Malik, S. (2024). The effect of hybrid work arrangements on employee motivation and performance. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18(2), 112–129. https://doi.org/10.33423/jop.v18i2.7358 Asif, M., Pasha, M. A., & Shahid, A. (2025). Energy scarcity and economic stagnation in Pakistan. Bahria University Journal Of Management & Technology, 8(1). Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and audit resilience in digital finance: Global insights and the Pakistani context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056 Bennett, A. A., Campion, E. D., Keeler, K. R., & Keener, S. K. 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Analyzing employee experiences in hybrid work models. European Management Journal, 41(2), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.07.002 Carnevale, J. B., & Hatak, I. (2020). Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Business Research, 116, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.037 Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886 Chong, S., Huang, Y., & Chang, C. H. D. (2020). Supporting interdependent telework employees: A moderated-mediation model linking daily COVID-19 task setbacks to next-day work withdrawal. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), 1408–1422. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000843 Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2023). 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Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100119 Flores, M., & Alvarado, D. (2024). Organizational support and emotional well-being in hybrid workplaces. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 17(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-09-2023-0157 Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., & Delaney-Klinger, K. (2022). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analytic answers to common questions. Academy of Management Annals, 16(1), 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2019.0136 Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2021). Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: The impact on employees’ remote work productivity, engagement, and stress. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(7), e426–e432. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236 Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., & Finstad, G. L. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: A narrative review. 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Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 60(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/00218863231202764 Majeed, N., Hussain, Z., & Qureshi, M. (2023). Employee engagement and well-being in the hybrid work era. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12379 McDowell, T., & Kinman, G. (2024). Understanding digital burnout in post-pandemic workplaces. Occupational Medicine, 74(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqad009 Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. (2020). The effect of telework on employees’ well-being and job satisfaction: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134847 Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. (2022). The effects of remote work on well-being and productivity: The role of digital fatigue. 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Journal of Business and Psychology, 39(2), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-023-09904-2 Rahman, N., Shah, S., & Ullah, H. (2023). Digital fatigue and hybrid work performance: Exploring coping mechanisms. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 11, 100271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100271 Sarker, S., Xiao, Y., & Ahuja, M. (2023). Technology-enabled work and employee well-being: Revisiting the digital paradox. Information Systems Journal, 33(3), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12443 Singh, V., & Roberts, A. (2024). Higher education and digital competence: Impact on hybrid work adjustment. Education and Information Technologies, 29(1), 449–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12156-7 Suh, Y., & Lee, M. (2023). Perceived organizational support as a buffer against digital fatigue. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087115 Suh, Y., & Park, J. (2024). Hybrid work and social connection: Implications for employee engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 149, 103925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103925 Syrek, C., Kühnel, J., & Vahle-Hinz, T. (2021). Being an accountant, cook, and teacher—all at once: Changes in employees’ work and work-related well-being during the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000276 Tan, Q., & Wang, Y. (2024). Coping with remote work stress: The moderating role of digital hygiene practices. Work & Stress, 38(2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2023.2228416 Tavares, A. I. (2021). Telework and health effects review. International Journal of Healthcare, 7(2), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v7n2p30 Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2022). Social isolation and stress during remote work: The role of perceived autonomy and technology use. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 852. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837295 Vartiainen, M., & Hyrkkänen, U. (2022). Changing work environments and employee well-being in hybrid organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(3), 453–471. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-08-2021-0238 Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290 Yang, E., Kim, Y., & Hong, S. (2022). Does working from home work? Exploring the role of technology readiness and well-being. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121271 Zhang, Y., Liu, P., & Xu, D. (2024). The future of hybrid work: Balancing well-being and efficiency through supportive leadership. Human Resource Management Review, 34(1), 100972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100972
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Mateen, Rafique Ahmed Khoso, Dr. Waheed Ullah , Muhammad Shakil, Dr. Abdul Latif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of globalization on local culture: A case study of North Waziristan Youth
One of the most powerful forces reshaping societies worldwide is globalisation. Its influence extends beyond politics and the economy, permeating even the most isolated communities' social and cultural ties. Examining how globalisation has affected the local culture of North Waziristan, a Pakistani tribal region distinguished by its strong traditional, linguistic, and religious identity, is the goal of this study. The study investigates the ways in which migration, education, media exposure, global cultural trends, and technology have shaped young people's values, way of life, and sense of self. 367 young respondents, ages 18 to 30, participated in in-depth interviews and completed a structured questionnaire as part of an empirical study that was carried out in a few North Waziristan tehsils. Descriptive, correlational, and regression statistical analyses were used to investigate the relationship between local cultural orientation changes and globalisation factors. The results showed a strong correlation between educational diversity, exposure to international media, and the decline of customs, language preference, and group behaviour. The study did, however, also find adaptive patterns in which globalisation benefited social mobility, awareness, and the modernisation of cultural expression. The results suggest that while globalization is gradually transforming indigenous cultural norms, North Waziristan’s youth are not entirely abandoning their local identity. Instead, they are reconstructing it within a hybrid framework that blends global modernity with traditional Pashtun values. The paper concludes that sustainable cultural preservation in the face of globalization requires context-specific policies that promote intercultural dialogue, education, and responsible media engagement. References Ahmed, A. S. (2013). The thistle and the drone: How America’s war on terror became a global war on tribal Islam. Brookings Institution Press. Ali, M., & Javid, M. (2021). Global media and youth culture in Pakistan: A sociological analysis. Journal of Contemporary Social Studies, 9(2), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.54784/jcss.v9i2.112 Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization (2nd ed.). University of Minnesota Press. Asif, M., Khan, A., & Pasha, M. A. (2019). Psychological capital of employees’ engagement: moderating impact of conflict management in the financial sector of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 160-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).15 Asif, M., & Sandhu, M. S. (2023). Social media marketing revolution in Pakistan: A study of its adoption and impact on business performance. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 2(2), 67-77. Barth, F. (2008). Ethnic groups and boundaries: The social organization of culture difference. Waveland Press. Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics: National population census report 2023. Government of Pakistan. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Eriksen, T. H. (2019). What’s wrong with the globalization of culture? (Social Anthropology Today Series). Routledge. Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic Books. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford University Press. Hall, S. (1996). Who needs ‘identity’? In S. Hall & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of cultural identity (pp. 1–17). Sage Publications. Hassan, N. (2022). Cultural continuity and globalization in the Middle East: The dialectics of resistance and adaptation. Arab Studies Quarterly, 44(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.44.1.0055 Hussain, A., Khan, D. F. N., Hussain, D. S., Muhammad, W., & Kamal, A. A. (2025). A Comparative Study of Public and Private School Teachers’ Teaching Styles in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i2.121 Hussain, S., & Shahid, A. (2024). Social Media & Body Image: A Study of a Public Sector University in Islamabad. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v3i4.102 Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657288 Jahan, N. (2021). Media exposure, globalization, and changing youth identity in South Asia. Asian Journal of Communication and Culture, 5(3), 210–229. Jan, S. (2022). Education, migration, and cultural change among tribal youth: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 42(2), 105–122. Kellner, D. (2020). Global youth culture and the new media. Cultural Studies Review, 26(2), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v26i2.7018 Khan, I. U., & Saeed, F. (2020). Cultural identity and globalization in tribal Pakistan: Challenges for youth. International Journal of Sociology and Development, 8(4), 225–243. Kraidy, M. M. (2017). Hybridity, or the cultural logic of globalization. Temple University Press. Mahmood, N. (2020). Education, youth, and social transformation in post-conflict societies. Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 14(1), 90–108. Maryam, B., Younis, M., Nawaz, M., Younas, M., & Khudai, U. (2025). A Comprehensive Analysis of Social Media’s Influence on English Vocabulary Development in Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.161 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. Mumtaz, A., Munir, N., Mumtaz, R., Farooq, M., & Asif, M. (2023). Impact Of Psychological & Economic Factors On Investment Decision-Making In Pakistan Stock Exchange. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(4), 130-135. Okeke, C. (2019). Youth, globalization, and indigenous identity in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 31(4), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2019.1584090 Pieterse, J. N. (2019). Globalization and culture: Global mélange (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Rahimi, A. (2020). Afghan youth and cultural globalization: Identity negotiation in a transitional society. Central Asian Journal of Sociology, 6(1), 77–98. Rashid, R., Fatima, A., Dr. Muhammad Iftikhar, Usman, D. S., & Raza, T. (2025). Exploring Educational Strategies and Challenges: A Comprehensive Review of Skill-Based Education and Environmental Policies in South Asia. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.160 Rehman, A. (2023). Post-conflict reconstruction and cultural resilience in Pakistan’s tribal areas. Pakistan Development Review, 62(1), 33–54. Riaz, A. (2022). Globalization and identity formation among South Asian youth. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 25(5), 664–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779221087543 Robertson, R. (2021). Globalization: Social theory and global culture (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. Shah, A., & Ullah, H. (2021). Tradition and transition: Cultural change in Pashtun society under globalization. Journal of Social Sciences Development, 3(2), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.53664/JSSD/03-02-2021-10-188-205 Tomlinson, J. (2019). Globalization and culture: The global-local nexus. University of Chicago Press. Yousaf, F., & Khan, S. (2022). The impact of digital globalization on youth behavior in tribal Pakistan. Journal of Media and Society Studies, 10(3), 115–132. Zahari, A., Said, J., Muhamad, N., & Suhaily, R. (2024). Ethical culture and leadership for sustainability and governance in public sector organisations within the ESG framework. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), Article 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100219
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Nisar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Logistics Entrepreneurship in the Digital Era: Opportunities, Challenges, and Growth Models in Smart Warehousing and Last-Mile Delivery
The study explored the evolving dynamics of logistics entrepreneurship in the digital era, emphasizing how deep technological integration has fundamentally reshaped smart warehousing and last-mile delivery systems. The primary aim was to examine how digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and automation, contributed to operational efficiency, innovation, and business growth among logistics enterprises. Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, data were collected from a diverse sample of logistics firms and technology-driven entrepreneurs across multiple regions. The results revealed that digital transformation significantly enhanced productivity, supply chain transparency, and customer satisfaction, with predictive analytics enabling more proactive decision-making. Moreover, innovation capability and technology adoption served as key mediating factors linking robust digital infrastructure to superior entrepreneurial performance. However, significant challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy risks, and limited technical expertise constrained widespread adoption, particularly among small and medium enterprises. The study concluded that successful logistics entrepreneurship in the digital era depended on a balanced strategy of targeted technological investment, continuous human capital development, and a strong sustainability orientation. Recommendations included promoting public-private partnerships for digital literacy, establishing robust cybersecurity frameworks, and incentivizing eco-efficient logistics practices. The findings provided critical theoretical and practical insights into how agile digital entrepreneurship models could guide the future growth and resilience of logistics industries globally. References Alfalla-Luque, R., Marín-García, J. A., & Medina-López, C. (2023). Digital transformation and logistics performance: The mediating role of innovation capability. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(4), 712–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2022.2054309 Asif, M., & Sandhu, M. S. (2023). Social media marketing revolution in Pakistan: A study of its adoption and impact on business performance. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 2(2), 67-77. Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and audit resilience in digital finance: Global insights and the Pakistani context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2024). Blockchain technology and sustainable supply chain management: A logistics perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 183, 103707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2023.103707 Business Insider. (2025, July). The supply chain’s last mile is complex and expensive. AI has the potential to fix its woes. Business Insider. Chowdhury, P., Paul, S. K., & Moktadir, M. A. (2023). Resilient and sustainable last-mile logistics using digital technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 405, 136903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136903 de Leeuw, J., Bukhsh, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Parcel loss prediction in last-mile delivery: Deep and non-deep approaches with insights from explainable AI. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.16602 Fernández, R., & Nieto, M. J. (2023). Digital entrepreneurship in logistics SMEs: The role of technological capabilities and innovation orientation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122612 Gong, Y., Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2024). Smart warehousing and logistics innovation under the digital economy. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 187, 109915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109915 Jantapoon, K. (2025). The impact of smart warehousing and last-mile delivery on e-commerce supply chain performance: An empirical study using machine learning-enhanced SEM analysis. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 23(101). Khan, S., Zaman, Z. I., Shiekh, A. A., & Saeed, M. (2025). Smart warehousing in FMCG sector: Challenges and remedies. In Smart Supply Chain Management (pp. 229–247). Springer. Li, F., Yang, X., Zhu, R., Li, T., & Liu, J. (2025). Growth mechanism in transformation and upgrading of logistics industry. Systems, 13(3), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13030202 Li, J., & Wu, D. (2024). The integration of AI and IoT in optimizing warehouse and delivery systems. International Journal of Production Economics, 267, 109022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.109022 Malik, S., Khonji, M., Elbassioni, K., & Dias, J. (2025). Collaborative last-mile delivery: A multi-platform vehicle routing problem with en-route charging. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.23584 Mandal, M. P., & Archetti, C. (2023). A decomposition approach to last mile delivery using public transportation systems. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.04219 Moradi, N., Mirzavand Boroujeni, N., Aftabi, N., & Aslani, A. (2024). Two-echelon electric vehicle routing problem in parcel delivery: A literature review. arXiv. Müller, J. M., Buliga, O., & Voigt, K. I. (2023). The role of digital transformation in logistics entrepreneurship: Implications for performance and competitiveness. Industrial Marketing Management, 112, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.01.009 Pereira, C. R., Da Silva, A. L., & Maffei, M. J. (2024). Predictive analytics and automation for smart logistics performance: Evidence from global logistics firms. Journal of Business Research, 172, 114093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114093 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Beyond the blackboards: Building a micro-edtech economy through teacher-led innovation in low-income schools. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16875721 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Bridging the skills divide: A comparative study of skill-based education across SAARC countries with a policy roadmap for Pakistan. Social Science Review Archives, 3(3), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.913 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). The integrated skill-based education framework (ISEF): An empirically grounded model for reforming skill-based education in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, X(III), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).14 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Use of artificial intelligence in school management: A contemporary need of school education system in Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(2), 1984–2009. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.2.56 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., & Nadeem, M. A. (2025). Gauging the gap: Student perceptions of skill proficiency in skill-based education within schools of Punjab, Pakistan. Academia International Journal for Social Sciences, 4(2), 2307–2317. https://doi.org/10.63056/ACAD.004.03.0553 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Nadeem, M. A., & Rasheed, I. (2024). Empowering women through skill-based education in Pakistan: A narrative review. Global Sociological Review, IX(IV), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2024(IX-IV).05 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Bukhari, S. T., Malik, N., Rehman, L., & Qamar, A. H. (2025). Gender differences in the use and challenges of breakthrough technology in higher education: Evidence from Punjab. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 1056–1073. https://doi.org/10.59075/hpdvq714 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Malik, N., & Bano, S. (2025). Learning to innovate: WhatsApp groups as grassroots innovation ecosystems among micro-entrepreneurs in emerging markets. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(1), 1854–1862. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.1.47 Raj, A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Sharma, A., & Rana, N. P. (2024). Digitalization of last-mile delivery: Assessing challenges and opportunities in urban logistics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 199, 123175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123175 Research-Nester. (2025). Smart warehousing market outlook report 2025-2030: Advanced inventory management, surging government support & incentives and expanding automation in supply chain management drive market growth. Review of Managerial Science. (2023). Logistics business model evolution: Digital platforms and connected and autonomous vehicles as disruptors. Review of Managerial Science, 18, 2483–2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00679-0 Setiadi, & Muharam, H. (2024). Logistics innovation in developing economies: Integrating digital solutions in e-commerce supply chains. Sinergi International Journal of Logistics, 2(4), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.61194/sijl.v2i4.733 Shaklab, E., Karapetyan, A., Sharma, A., Mebrahtu, M., Basri, M., Nagy, M., & Khonji, M. (2023). Towards autonomous and safe last-mile deliveries with AI-augmented self-driving delivery robots. arXiv. Smart Warehousing Strategic Business Report. (2024). Advancements in robotics and AI expand opportunities – global market forecast to 2030. Research and Markets. Su, E., Hu, H., Li, J., & Zhang, R. (2025). The freight multimodal transport problem with buses and drones: An integrated approach for last-mile delivery. arXiv. Szmelter-Jarosz, A., Chmiel, B., & Śledzik, K. (2023). Most successful business models in logistics innovations – The review of crowd logistics solutions. Logforum, 19(3), 317–330. van Geest, M., Tekinerdogan, B., & Catal, Ç. (2022). Smart warehouses: Rationale, challenges and solution directions. Applied Sciences, 12(1), Article 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010219 van Geest, M., Tekinerdogan, B., & Catal, Ç. (2023). Logistics business model evolution: Digital platforms and connected and autonomous vehicles as disruptors. Review of Managerial Science, 18, 2483–2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00679-0 Zhou, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, H. (2025). The mediating role of technology adoption in digital logistics entrepreneurship: A structural model approach. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100345
Copyright (c) 2025 Asad Ali, Sikandar Nawab Khattak, Akbar Ali Rabbani , Maisam Hussian, Abdul Mateen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles among Pakistani University Students
This study investigated the mediating function of coping strategies in the association between university students' temperament, character traits, and life satisfaction. The study examined how coping behaviours, which in turn impact students' overall life satisfaction, are influenced by both adaptive and maladaptive personality traits. It was based on Cloninger's psychobiological model and the theory of subjective well-being. Data were gathered from 200 randomly chosen university students in Punjab, Pakistan, ages 18 to 25, using a cross-sectional design. Participants filled out validated Urdu versions of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Brief COPE Inventory, and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 4) was used to perform mediation, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation analyses. The findings showed that life satisfaction was positively predicted by adaptive traits like self-directedness, perseverance, and novelty seeking. On the other hand, it was negatively correlated with maladaptive traits such as reward dependence and harm avoidance. While passive coping significantly mediated the detrimental effects of harm avoidance, active coping mediated the relationship between novelty seeking, persistence, and life satisfaction. Significant variation in life satisfaction was explained by the overall mediation models (R2 up to.42). These results highlight the intricate relationship that exists between coping mechanisms and dispositional traits in determining well-being. In order to support psychological resilience and improve life satisfaction among emerging adults, they highlight the significance of culturally sensitive interventions that encourage adaptive coping. References Anglim, J., Horwood, S., Smillie, L. D., Marrero, R. J., & Wood, J. K. (2020). Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 279–305. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000219 Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and audit resilience in digital finance: Global insights and the Pakistani context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety, and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 667–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x Bewick, B., Koutsopoulou, G., Miles, J., Slaa, E., & Barkham, M. (2010). Changes in undergraduate students’ psychological well-being as they progress through university. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903216643 Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913 Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Svrakic, N. M. (2010). Role of personality self-organisation in the development of mental order and disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 683–703. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000359 Cloninger, C. R., Zohar, A. H., & Cloninger, K. M. (2010). Promotion of well-being in person-centred mental health care. Focus, 8(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1176/foc.8.2.foc165 Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080 Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6 Ding, Y. (2022). The mediating role of coping style in the relationship between personality traits and life satisfaction among college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 854736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854736 Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11 Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647–654. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647 Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745–774. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456 Garcia, D. (2011). Two models of personality and well-being among adolescents: Trait and coping strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1208–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.018 Garcia, D., & Moradi, S. (2012). The affective profiles, psychological well-being, and harmony: Environmental mastery and self-acceptance predict the sense of a harmonious life. PeerJ, 1, e1. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1 Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. (2020). World happiness report 2020. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. https://worldhappiness.report Javed, A., Khoso, R. A., & Nadeem, A. (2025). Servant Leadership and Its Role in Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Employee Wellbeing, and Workplace Trust in Service-Oriented Industries. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.163 Josefsson, K., Cloninger, C. R., Hintsanen, M., Jokela, M., Pulkki-Råback, L., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2011). Associations of personality profiles with various aspects of well-being: A population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(1–2), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.023 Joshanloo, M. (2014). Eastern conceptualizations of happiness: Fundamental differences with Western views. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(2), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9431-1 Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959 Kruczek, A., Majewski, M., & Ziolek, J. (2021). The role of temperament in adolescents' coping flexibility: Predicting psychological resilience. Current Issues in Personality Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.107337 Lee, S. J., Cloninger, C. R., & Chae, H. (2024). The associations between well-being and Cloninger’s personality dimensions in a Korean community sample. PeerJ, 12, e18379. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18379 Malik, D. N., Kousar, A., & Arshad, K. (2025). Chat-GPT in Education: Learning Outcomes and Facilitating Knowledge Acquisition. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i2.131 Niaz, A., & Shaheen, A. (2023). A Case study of Change Management Strategy in an Optical Business in Dubai, UAE. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i3.43 Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction with Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946 Penley, J. A., & Tomaka, J. (2002). Associations among the Big Five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1215–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00087-3 Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2010.482109 Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 138–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138 Strickhouser, J. E., Zell, E., & Krizan, Z. (2017). Does personality predict health and well-being? A metasynthesis. Health Psychology, 36(8), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000475 Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78(2), 179–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-8208-2
Copyright (c) 2025 Hira Irfan, Hira Fatima, Fizah Fizah, Suleman Ahmad, Maham Arshad, Daud Afzal, Muhammad Shoaib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the Journalistic Epistemologies in Environmental Sustainability Reporting: A Qualitative Study from Sindh, Pakistan
Environmental journalism in the Global South plays a critical role in informing the public and politically responding to climate and sustainability issues. This research investigates how journalists in Sindh, Pakistan, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable areas, construct epistemic authority in their reporting on environmental sustainability. The qualitative design comprised semi-structured interviews with 15 journalists, and analysis was conducted thematically through textual/procedural, contextual/performative, and external epistemological modes. Results show that sustainability reporting is obstructed regarding regular newsroom practices and styles of reporting, negotiated legitimacy, and political or institutional pressures. These findings call for epistemically reflexive journalism that critically interrogates knowledge sources, authority, and framing practices associated with environmental narratives. Moreover, the study highlights challenges faced by journalists, including limited access to scientific expertise and the complexities of conveying urgent climate information within socio-political constraints. In this way, the study contributes to environmental communication scholarship by providing a situated, Global South perspective on journalistic knowledge production enduring a climate crisis. The research underscores the necessity for stronger newsroom support and training to empower journalists in navigating these challenges effectively. References Antilla, L., Painter, J., & Boykoff, M. T. (2024). Framing climate: An international perspective on environmental journalism. Environmental Communication, 18(1), 1–20. Bano, S., Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., & Khalid, N. (2024). Assessing health and environmental risks: Educational awareness on plastic usage and solid waste disposal in Bahawalpur. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(3), 917–929. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.3.75 Boykoff, M. T., & Yulsman, T. (2023). Media ecologies and the role of journalists in climate communication. Environmental Communication, 17(3), 345–362. Carlson, M. (2024). Data-driven reporting in environmental journalism: Opportunities and limitations. Journalism Studies, 25(2), 250–266. Carlson, M., & Lewis, S. C. (2022). Metajournalistic discourse and climate reporting. Journalism, 23(6), 895–913. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221098765 Carlson, M., & Lewis, S. C. (2022). News epistemologies: How journalists know what they know. Columbia University Press. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. Dow, K., & Downing, T. E. (2016). Vulnerability assessment of Pakistan to climate change. Climate Risk Management, 11, 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2016.01.005 Ekstrom, M., & Westlund, O. (2019). Epistemic claims in journalism. In P. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 197–212). Routledge. Godler, Y., & Reich, Z. (2022). Environmental accountability through journalism. Environmental Communication, 16(4), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2021.1987654 Hanitzsch, T. (2007). Deconstructing journalism culture: Towards a universal theory. Communication Theory, 17(4), 367–385. Hansen, A. (2022). Communicating climate change: Why frames matter for global environmental debates. Wiley-Blackwell. Jamil, F. (2020). Environmental awareness and civic participation: A case study from Pakistan. Journal of Development Studies, 56(8), 1500–1517. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1663542 Jingrong, L. (2024). Exploring the dynamics of expert sourcing and experiential knowledge in Chinese environmental journalism. Environmental Communication, 18(2), 215–230. Khalid, N., Arshad, I., & Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2024). Enhancing environmental education to promote pre-emptive smog mitigation strategies in urban areas of South Punjab: An overview. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(3), 956–964. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.3.78 Khalid, N., Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Tahira, W., & Maqbool, M. (2024). Solid waste and environmental sustainability: Educational approaches to managing urban waste in Bahawalpur City. Journal of Climate and Community Development, 3(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16875300 Mahmood, Y., Ali, M., Ahmed, & Muhammad, T. (2025). Fiscal Policy and Public Debt: Evidence from Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i4.178 Maitra, J., & Tandoc, E. C. (2021). Technological adaptation and newsroom ethics in climate journalism. Digital Journalism, 9(4), 512–530. Olausson, U. (2018). Climate change framing in international news media: Current debates and future directions. Environmental Communication, 12(7), 827–834. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2018.1512260 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Imtiaz, I., & Khalid, N. (2024). Innovative integration of environmental awareness into mathematics education: Insights from teachers' and students' perceptions in Bahawalpur. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(4), 899–910. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.4.72 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Khalid, N., & Shafi, S. (2024). Historical analysis of environmental degradation in Pakistan: A narrative review. Global Political Review, IX(IV), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(IX-IV).03 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Khalid, N., Faridi, M. Z., & Khan, Z. A. (2024). Smog mitigation and climate resilience in Pakistan: A policy-centric review of strategies and challenges. Social Sciences Spectrum, 3(4), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.71085/sss.03.04.175 Rod, M., Brydges, T., & Zia, U. (2006). Media and democracy in Pakistan: A critical analysis. Oxford University Press. Schäfer, M. S., & Painter, J. (2021). Communication and climate change: A multi-disciplinary approach. Environmental Communication, 15(8), 995–1010. Schmidt, T. (2017). Political elites and the authority of knowledge in media discourse. Political Communication, 34(5), 672–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1325054 Steensen, S. (2019). The epistemic crisis in journalism. Digital Journalism, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1479470 Tandoc, E. C., & Maitra, S. (2025). Fact-checking as epistemic defense: Strategies for combating misinformation in climate news. Environmental Communication, 19(1), 23–38. Tong, J. (2020). Journalism, power, and public trust: Understanding the dynamics of digital credibility. Routledge. Tong, R. (2024). Investigative environmental journalism in China: Navigating constraints and cultivating sources. Environmental Communication, 18(3), 280–295. UNESCO. (2024). World trends in environmental reporting and science literacy. UNESCO Press. Westlund, O., & Lewis, S. C. (2017). Journalism and technology: Transformations in environmental news. Journalism Studies, 18(4), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150667 Westlund, O., & Lewis, S. C. (2021). Practices of mobile news production and AI integration in contemporary media. Media, Culture & Society, 43(8), 1523–1542.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Ali Memon, Dr. Muhammad Qasim Nizamani , Farheen Qasim Nizamani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
FinTech Innovations and Financial Inclusion: Digital Credit, Micro-Lending, and Poverty Alleviation
This research explored the transformative impact of FinTech innovations on financial inclusion, focusing on the roles of digital credit, micro-lending, and their contributions to poverty alleviation in developing economies. Employing a mixed-methods research design that integrated survey data and participant interviews, the study analyzed how technology-driven financial services enhanced accessibility, affordability, and equity among financially marginalized populations. The findings indicated that FinTech significantly reduced barriers to credit access through mobile-based lending platforms and algorithmic credit scoring, thereby improving economic resilience, entrepreneurial growth, and household income. However, the study also revealed disparities in adoption, with women, rural residents, and individuals with limited digital literacy facing greater challenges. The analysis emphasized that while FinTech served as a catalyst for inclusion, its success depended on strong regulatory oversight, consumer protection, and digital financial education. Qualitative insights further highlighted users’ perceptions of increased autonomy, trust, and empowerment through digital finance. The study concluded that FinTech holds substantial potential for inclusive growth but requires careful alignment with social, institutional, and ethical frameworks. Recommendations included expanding digital infrastructure, strengthening financial literacy, and ensuring equitable algorithmic governance to enhance sustainability and social justice in financial ecosystems. References Airlangga, T., Sunitiyoso, Y., & Sudrajad, O. Y. (2025). The role of FinTech lending in financial inclusion and poverty alleviation: A systematic review. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v8i2.3115 Alaeddin, O., Altounjy, R., Zainudin, Z., & Kamarudin, F. (2023). Financial inclusion through digital transformation: The role of FinTech adoption among micro-entrepreneurs. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 28(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-023-00197-2 Amnas, R., Selvam, D., & Parayitam, S. (2024). Digital financial literacy and financial inclusion: The mediating role of FinTech adoption in emerging markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 42, 101998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2024.101998 Asif, M., Pasha, M. A., & Shahid, A. (2025). Energy scarcity and economic stagnation in Pakistan. Bahria University Journal Of Management & Technology, 8(1). 141-157. Asongu, S. A., Nwachukwu, J. C., & Orim, S. M. (2021). Mobile banking and financial inclusion: Empirical evidence from Africa. Information Technology for Development, 27(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1650784 Bongomin, G. O. C., & Ntayi, J. M. (2020). Trust: Mediator between mobile money adoption and usage and financial inclusion in Uganda. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(6), 747–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-06-2019-0361 Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1897-4 Fatima, N., Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Arshad, I., Rasheed, I., & Fatima, A. (2025). The role of human resource management in teacher training for inclusive education: A phenomenological study. Indus Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 551–564. https://doi.org/10.59075/ijss.v3i3.1921 Ghosh, S., & Gupta, P. (2022). FinTech innovations and financial inclusion: Evidence from emerging markets. Applied Economics Letters, 29(14), 1305–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2021.1884072 Ha, D., Le, P., & Nguyen, D. K. (2025). Financial inclusion and FinTech: A state-of-the-art systematic literature review. Financial Innovation, 11, Article 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-024-00741-0 Ha, T. T., Le, T. T., & Nguyen, D. P. (2025). Financial technology and the transformation of banking and financial inclusion: A bibliometric and conceptual analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 208, 123876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.123876 Hasan, I., Jackowicz, K., Kowalewski, O., & Kozłowski, Ł. (2021). Do FinTech firms increase financial inclusion? Cross-country evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 133, 106221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106221 Hu, X., Huang, Y., Li, B., & Lu, T. (2023). Inclusive FinTech lending via contrastive learning and domain adaptation. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05827 Islam, M. A., & Grönlund, Å. (2023). Microfinance digitalization and poverty reduction: Evidence from developing economies. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(3), 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10367-9 Koomson, I., Villano, R. A., & Hadley, D. (2021). The effects of mobile money adoption on financial inclusion and welfare in Ghana. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167, 120729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120729 Kunwar, A., & Chhetri, B. (2025). Mobile banking and financial inclusion in rural Nepal: Evidence from post-pandemic adoption patterns. Sustainability, 17(4), 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17042101 Mansyur, F. (2025). The impact of FinTech penetration on regional economic growth and inclusion in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Economics, 92, 102079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102079 Nagar, V., & Singh, A. (2023). Impact of digital micro-lending platforms on entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation in South Asia. Journal of Economic Studies, 50(4), 789–804. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2022-0299 Offiong, U. P. (2024). FinTech as a digital innovation in microfinance companies. Emerald Emerging Markets Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMR-09-2023-1236772 Ozili, P. K. (2024). Digital financial inclusion and poverty reduction in Africa: New evidence and policy implications. Review of Development Finance, 14(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2024.01.003 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Beyond the blackboards: Building a micro-edtech economy through teacher-led innovation in low-income schools. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 4(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16875721 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Bridging the skills divide: A comparative study of skill-based education across SAARC countries with a policy roadmap for Pakistan. Social Science Review Archives, 3(3), 787–795. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i3.913 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Empowering the excluded: A review of skill-based education for eunuchs in South Asia. Global Political Review, X(III), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(XIII).06 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). The Integrated Skill-Based Education Framework (ISEF): An empirically grounded model for reforming skill-based education in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, X(III), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).14 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., & Asif Nadeem, D. M. (2025). Unveiling Critical Success Factors for Skill-Based Education Programs: A Student-Centred Analysis in Pakistani Schools. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.139 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., & Malik, N. (2025). STEAM for the future: A comparative evaluation of educational strategies in Pakistan and India. ProScholar Insights, 4(3), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.55737/psi.2025c-43113 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Bukhari, S. T., Malik, N., Rehman, L., & Qamar, A. H. (2025). Gender differences in the use and challenges of breakthrough technology in higher education: Evidence from Punjab. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 1056–1073. https://doi.org/10.59075/hpdvq714 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Khalid, N., & Susanto, E. (2025). Addressing environmental and social challenges: A mixed-method study on the education and inclusion of eunuchs in South Punjab, Pakistan. Social Science Review Archives, 3(1), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.311 Sahay, R., Čihák, M., & N’Diaye, P. M. (2020). FinTech, financial inclusion, and inclusive growth. International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513529172.001 Shair, F., Jabeen, S., Zafar, S., & Hassan, M. (2024). Digital finance and financial inclusion: Empirical evidence from developing economies. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.04.007 Smith, G. (2025). The gendered algorithm: Navigating financial inclusion & equity in AI-facilitated access to credit. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07312 Smith, L. (2025). Gendered algorithms and financial inclusion: Examining bias in FinTech credit scoring. Information Systems Frontiers, 27(2), 455–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10467-1 Rubio, J. (2025). Financial inclusion as a pathway to poverty alleviation and income-inequality reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(7), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18070392 Tang, K. K., & Nguyen, C. V. (2022). Digital financial services and household welfare: Evidence from developing Asia. World Development, 156, 105910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105910 The impact of FinTech adoption on traditional financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. (2024). Finance Research Letters, 61, 104822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104822 Trivedi, P., & Yadav, R. (2022). Role of FinTech in promoting financial inclusion and entrepreneurial development. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 11(3), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-10-2021-0227 Wang, Y., & He, G. (2023). Digital finance, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development: Empirical evidence from China. Sustainability, 15(3), 2339. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032339 Zhou, T., & Hu, H. (2021). FinTech development and inclusive finance: The moderating role of government policy. Finance Research Letters, 43, 102010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102010
Copyright (c) 2025 Adeel Alvi, Abid Ali, Ahmer Naveed Paracha, Khair Bux Mangrio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessing Perceived Value of Patients: A Qualitative Study of Orthopaedic Patients
This research aims to explore the multifaceted concept of perceived value from the perspectives of orthopaedic patients, contributing to a deeper understanding of its measurement within clinical settings in Punjab, Pakistan. The study examines six key dimensions: transaction value, efficiency value, aesthetic value, social interaction value, self-gratification value, and conditional value. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing thematic framework analysis of data gathered through in-depth structured interviews with orthopaedic patients. The participant cohort was specifically limited to individuals who had undergone minor or major surgical interventions. Out of a purposive sample of 50 approached patients, 32 provided complete and usable responses, resulting in a 64% response rate. The findings offer a nuanced understanding of perceived value and were instrumental in developing robust, culturally relevant measurement items for the concept. The analysis also revealed additional emergent dimensions; namely, empathy from healthcare providers and operational value related to clinic processes and efficiency, which extend beyond the initial theoretical framework. These insights provide healthcare administrators and practitioners with practical guidance to enhance service delivery by strengthening both the clinical and experiential aspects of patient care, ultimately improving patient satisfaction and loyalty. References Agarwal, S., & Teas, R. K. (2001). Perceived value: Mediating role of perceived risk. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2001.11501891 Akdim, K., & Casaló, L. V. (2023). Perceived value of AI-based recommendations service: The case of voice assistants. Service Business, 17(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-022-00504-2 Anwar, A., Thongpapanl, N., & Ashraf, R. (2021). Strategic imperatives of mobile commerce in developing countries: The influence of consumer innovativeness, ubiquity, perceived value, risk, and cost on usage. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 29(8), 722–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2020.1747790 Asif, D. M., & Sandhu, M. S. (2023). Social Media Marketing Revolution in Pakistan: A Study of its Adoption and Impact on Business Performance. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 2(2), 67–77. Baidoun, S. D., & Salem, M. Z. (2024). The moderating role of perceived trust and perceived value on online shopping behavioral intention of Palestinian millennials during COVID-19. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 34(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-09-2022-0173 Boksberger, P. E., & Melsen, L. (2011). Perceived value: A critical examination of definitions, concepts and measures for the service industry. Journal of Services Marketing, 25(3), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041111125498 Bushara, M. A., Abdou, A. H., et al. (2023). Power of social media marketing: How perceived value mediates the impact on restaurant followers’ purchase intention, willingness to pay a premium price, and e-WOM? Sustainability, 15(6), 5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065331 Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview research: The interview protocol refinement framework. The Qualitative Report, 21(5), 811–831. Cheng, A. L., Snider, E. M., Prather, H., et al. (2024). Provider-perceived value of inter-professional team meetings as a core element of a lifestyle medicine program: A mixed-methods analysis of one center’s experience. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 18(1), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276231167845 Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00028-2 Deng, C., & Legge, M. (2024). A qualitative case study of primary classroom teachers’ perceived value of physical education in New Zealand. Sport, Education and Society, 29(2), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2023.2234142 Derksen, B., Bensing, J., Kuiper, et al. (2015). Empathy: What does it mean for GPs? A qualitative study. Family Practice, 32(1), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmu069 Desai, K., Tapas, P., & Paliwal, M. (2024). Evaluating the effect of values influencing the choice of organic foods. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03075-4 Egbuta, O. U., Akinlabi, B. H., & Ibidun, A. (2023). Effect of big data analytics on operational value of selected healthcare service firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. American Journal of Data, Information and Knowledge Management, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajdikm.20230401.11 Habibi, A., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2021). Experience and service quality on perceived value and behavioral intention: Moderating effect of perceived risk and fee. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 22(6), 711–737. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2020.1830082 Hamze, M. M., & Mahmood, O. K. (2025). The impact of service quality on customers’ perceived value from patients’ perspective: An analytical study in private hospitals in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Twejer, 7(4), 455–467 Haverilla, M., & Rangarajan, A. (2024). The impact of the decision-making role on perceived satisfaction, value for money, and reinvest intentions at varying levels of perceived financial performance in the context of big data marketing analytics. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2024.1834158 Heinonen, K. (2002). Re-conceptualizing customer perceived value: The value of time and place. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 14(2/3), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520210424150 Jannah, W. M. (2025). The Effect of Hospital Service Quality, Perceived Value, and Perceived Price on Patient Loyalty and Patient Satisfaction. Almana: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 9(2), 307-315. Jeong, Y., & Kim, S. (2020). A study of event quality, destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty among sport tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(4), 940–960. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-08-2019-0545 Jiang, Y., & Hong, F. (2023). Examining the relationship between customer-perceived value of night-time tourism and destination attachment among Generation Z tourists in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2146567 Juliana, J., Putri, F. F., Wulandari, N. S., Saripudin, U., et al. (2022). Muslim tourist perceived value on revisit intention to Bandung City with customer satisfaction as intervening variables. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(1), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2020-0156 Karki, A., Sahoo, P. R., & Rout, K. (2025). The impact of perceived value on patient satisfaction and behavioral intention in private teaching hospitals of Nepal. Innovative Marketing, 21(2), 276-290. Khan, U. J., & Yasmin, G. (2025). Trends and Economic Consequences of Paramphistomosis: A Statistical Analysis from a Two-Year Abattoir Study. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.174 Kontti Project. (2004). Kontti project description: Platform for context sensitive mobile services. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. http://www.vtt.fi/tte/projects/kontti/description.html Koo, M., & Shavitt, S. (2010). Cross‐cultural psychology of consumer behavior. In Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444316568.wiem02035 Kumari, N., & Biswas, A. (2023). Does M-payment service quality and perceived value co-creation participation magnify M-payment continuance usage intention? Moderation of usefulness and severity. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 41(6), 1330–1359. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2022-0341 Lapierre, J. (2000). Customer‐perceived value in industrial contexts. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 15(2/3), 122–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620010316831 Laukkanen, M., & Tura, N. (2022). Sustainable value propositions and customer perceived value: Clothing library case. Journal of Cleaner Production, 378, 134321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134321 Lee, D. (2017). A model for designing healthcare service based on the patient experience. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 12(3), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1320059 Liang, Z. (2023). Evaluating the relationships between perceived patient value, patient satisfaction and loyalty by inpatients at a tertiary public hospital in China (Master's Thesis). ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa. https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/29725/1/master_zhishan_liang.pdf McDougall, G. H., & Levesque, T. (2000). Customer satisfaction with services: Putting perceived value into the equation. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), 392–410. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040010340937 Mini, M., Olickal, J. J., Stanley, A., Anish, T. S., & Chellappan, V. (2025). Perceived Healthcare Quality as the Predictor of Patient Satisfaction: Findings from a public sector tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 102163 Morar, D. (2013). An overview of the consumer value literature–Perceived value, desired value. Marketing from Information to Decision, 6, 169–186 Mumtaz, A., Farooq, M., Mumtaz, R., Mushtaq, S., & Nadeem, N. (2025). How can Financial Literacy Mitigate the Relationship between Behaviour Biases and Investment Decision-making? Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i2.148 Nelson, D. G., & Byus, K. (2002). Consumption value theory and the marketing of public health: An effective formative research tool. Health Marketing Quarterly, 19(4), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1300/J026v19n04_05 Nembhard, I. M., David, G., Ezzeddine, I., et al. (2023). A systematic review of research on empathy in health care. Health Services Research, 58(2), 250–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.14131 Nguyen, N. X., Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. A. (2021). Impact of service quality on in-patients’ satisfaction, perceived value, and customer loyalty: A mixed-methods study from a developing country. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 2523–2538. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S324165 Nwachukwu, B. U., Hamid, K. S., & Bozic, K. J. (2013). Measuring value in orthopaedic surgery. JBJS Reviews, 1(1), e5. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.RVW.O.00010 Paulose, D., & Shakeel, A. (2022). Perceived experience, perceived value and customer satisfaction as antecedents to loyalty among hotel guests. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(2), 447–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2021.2025300 Petrick, J. F. (2002). Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2002.11949992 Pihlström, M., & Brush, G. J. (2008). Comparing the perceived value of information and entertainment mobile services. Psychology & Marketing, 25(8), 732–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20239 Qiao, X., & Hu, S. (2024). The relationship between perceived value congruence and teacher commitment: A moderated mediation model of teacher self-efficacy and time pressure. Educational Studies, 50(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2024.1845073 Rao, X., Luo, L., Xiang, J., & Wang, X. (2025). The impact of perceived value, customer expectations, and patient experience on the satisfaction of contracted patients in hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 7 Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Iranmanesh, M., Seyfi, S., et al. (2023). Effects of perceived value on satisfaction and revisit intention: Domestic vs. international tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 29(2), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667221101206 Sánchez, J., Callarisa, L., Rodriguez, R. M., et al. (2006). Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product. Tourism Management, 27(3), 394–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.11.007 Singh, S., Singh, N., Kalinić, Z., et al. (2021). Assessing determinants influencing continued use of live streaming services: An extended perceived value theory of streaming addiction. Expert Systems with Applications, Article 114241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114241 Swait, J., & Sweeney, J. C. (2000). Perceived value and its impact on choice behavior in a retail setting. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(99)00034-4 Tyack, Z., Allen, M. J., Scott, I., Campbell, K. L., Kimble, R., Chang, A. B., & McPhail, S. M. (2025). Caring About Value: A grounded theory of the quest to move towards higher value care in hospitals. SSM-Qualitative Research in Health, 100653 Uzir, M. U. H., Al Halbusi, H., Thurasamy, R., Hock, R. L. T., Aljaberi, M. A., Hasan, N., & Hamid, M. (2021). The effects of service quality, perceived value and trust in home delivery service personnel on customer satisfaction: Evidence from a developing country. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102721 Yen, Y. S. (2023). 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The effect of patient participation on trust in primary health care physicians among patients with chronic diseases: the mediating role of perceived value. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1586123 Zhu, S., Zhou, J., & Xu, N. (2025, July). The Impact of Perceived Quality on Patients’ Adoption and Usage of Online Health Consultations: An Empirical Study Based on Trust Theory. In Healthcare (Vol. 13, No. 14, p. 1753)
Copyright (c) 2025 Usman Ehsan, Muhammad Shehzad Hanif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of Contextual Cues on False Memory: A Comparative Experimental Approach
Research on false memory formation using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been extensively conducted in Western contexts. Yet, a significant gap remains in experimental investigations within South Asian populations, particularly in Pakistan. Existing studies, such as those on the Visual Mandela Effect, have explored collective false memories; however, they lack controlled experimental manipulation of contextual variables. To address this gap, the study examined the impact of contextual cues, both visual and auditory, and the effect of no contextual cues, on false memory formation. Sixty participants (aged 18–40) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Visual and Auditory Cues, Visual Cues only, and Word List only. Each group was presented with three semantically themed DRM word lists across three recall blocks. A between-subjects one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the recall of critical lures across groups, with the highest false memory incidence observed in the combined cue condition, [F (2,57) = 14.505, p < .001, η² = .337]. Post hoc analyses further confirmed that exposure to multimodal cues significantly increased susceptibility to false memories compared to the control condition. However, a repeated-measures of ANOVA indicated no significant change in critical lure recall across the three blocks within groups. Additionally, the control group demonstrated higher accurate recall and lower intrusion rates. These findings underscore the role of sensory contextual cues in modulating memory distortion and contribute novel cross-cultural evidence to the literature on memory and cognition. The study holds implications for legal, clinical, and educational settings where memory accuracy is critical. References Ahmed, W., Imtiaz, K., Muzammil, M., & Khan, S. M. (2025). Leadership Outcomes through the Lens of Workplace Spirituality and Character Development. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i4.176 Akdoğan, M., Akırmak, Ü., & Gürsoy, İ. (2021). Summary an examination of the false memory rates of Turkish words with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Alakbarova, D., Hicks, J. L., & Ball, B. H. (2021). The influence of semantic context on false memories. Memory & Cognition, 49(8), 1555–1567. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01182-1 Anglada-Tort, M., Baker, T., & Müllensiefen, D. (2018). False memories in music listening: Exploring the misinformation effect and individual difference factors in auditory memory. Memory, 27(5), 612–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1545858 Arndt, J. (2010). The role of memory activation in creating false memories of encoding context. 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S., & Henderson, J. M. (2006). Contextual cueing in naturalistic scenes: Global and local contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(4), 699–706. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.699 Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. (2005). Computational models of working memory: Putting long-term memory into context. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(11), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.09.011 Cabeza, R., Rao, S. M., Wagner, A. D., Mayer, A. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional MRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(8), 4805–4810. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.081082698 Campbell, J. M., Edwards, M. S., Horswill, M. S., & Helman, S. (2007). Effects of contextual cues in recall and recognition memory: The misinformation effect reconsidered. 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Lindsay (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied memory (pp. 3–22). SAGE. Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Tricks of memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00075 Schacter, D. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). Memory and law: What can cognitive neuroscience contribute? Nature Neuroscience, 16(2), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3294 Sharkawy, J. E., Groth, K., Vetter, C., Beraldi, A., & Fast, K. (2008). False memories of emotional and neutral words. Behavioural Neurology, 19(1–2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/587239 Slotnick, S. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2004). A sensory signature that distinguishes true from false memories. 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Copyright (c) 2025 Sovaiba, Ather Mujitaba, Ayla Ihsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Storytelling Pedagogy for Creativity and Critical Thinking in Level VII History through Storytelling in Tech-Limited Settings
This action research explores the effectiveness of storytelling as a pedagogical strategy to enhance creativity and critical thinking skills among 64 Grade VII students (aged 12–13) in a technology-limited, middle-class school in Pakistan. The study was motivated by persistent challenges in traditional history education, which often relies on rote memorization, leading to student disengagement and a lack of higher-order cognitive development. The investigation employed a quasi-experimental design conducted over a two-week period. The intervention consisted of a pre-test to establish a baseline, two structured storytelling practice sessions, and a post-test. During the sessions, students were guided to create and present their own historical narratives using the “4 Ws” framework (who, what, when, why) to scaffold their analytical reasoning. This methodology was intentionally designed to be a low-cost, replicable model for educators in developing countries with constrained resources. Quantitative results demonstrated substantial improvement. The average score for story writing increased by 25%, from 57% to 82%. When assessed against a 5-point rubric, creativity scores rose from 2.80 to 4.28, and critical thinking scores improved from 2.77 to 4.13, indicating significant growth in both skill sets. Qualitative data from student narratives provided deeper context, revealing an enhanced ability to connect historical causes and consequences. A notable finding was students' spontaneous use of perspective-taking, often drawing narrative inspiration from the popular historical drama Diriliş Ertuğrul. While the study is limited by its sample size and short duration, the findings strongly suggest that storytelling is a viable, low-tech pedagogy for fostering higher-order thinking in resource-constrained settings. Future research should involve longitudinal studies with larger samples to validate the long-term impact and explore cross-disciplinary applications. References Adesina, O. C. (2006). Teaching history in twentieth century Nigeria: The challenges of change. History in Africa, 33, 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0002 Adesote, S. A., & Fatoki, O. R. (2013). The role of ICT in the teaching and learning of history in the 21st century. Global Journal of Education Research, 8(21), 2155–2159. Akhtar, Q., Butt, S., & Niaz, M. (2024). Time series analysis of poverty reduction indicators: Case of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 170–183. Allison, J. (2008). History educators and the challenge of immersive pasts: A critical review of virtual reality ‘tools’ and history pedagogy. Learning, Media and Technology, 33(4), 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439880802497099 Alidri, A. (2022). 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The New Educator, 15(1), 66–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2018.1506070 Hicks, D., Ogle, J. T., & van Hover, S. (2025). Simulations in social studies: Practical implications from classroom to extended reality. Annals of Social Studies Research for Teachers, 7(1), 29–53. https://doi.org/10.29173/assert86 Isbell, R., Sobol, J., Lindauer, L., & Lowrance, A. (2004). The effects of storytelling and story reading on the oral language complexity and story comprehension of young children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(3), 157–163. Khan Academy. (2024). Khan Academy efficacy results, November 2024. https://blog.khanacademy.org/khan-academy-efficacy-results-november-2024/ Kim, S. (2023). The role of educational technology in post-war Korea: A historical analysis. Asia Pacific Education Review, 24(4), 567–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09845-6 Koster, J. B. (2012). Growing artists: Teaching the art to young children. Wadsworth. Le, T. T. A., Nguyen, T. A. M., Bui, T. T., Luu, T. D., & Dinh, T. K. L. (2021). Applying mind map in teaching history in primary schools – Case study of Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. Journal of Nonformal Education, 7(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i1.29278 Masih, M., Suleman, S., Khan, M. H., Sahito, D. Z., & Shahid, D. S. (2025). The future classroom: Integrating AI and social media for adaptive learning. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.150 OECD. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/3197152b-en Phillips, K. H. (1996). Teaching kids to sing. Schirmer Books. Rahmadina, S., Hindana, N. F., Haq, A. F., Alifia, F. E., Mahardika, I. K., Yusmar, F., Firdausi, S., & Astuti, S. R. D. (2025). Evolusi pendidikan klasik dan modern serta kajian terhadap faktor-faktor pendidikan. 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Exploring students’ creativity using STEAM-based reading texts. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 44(1), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.44.1.181187
Copyright (c) 2025 Raziah Tajammal, Ramshah Tajammal, Dr. Sadia Butt, Dr. Tayyaba Ashraf , Mahnoor Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Investigate the Impact of Work from Home on Employee Performance: A Study of the Moderating Role of Perceived Organisation Support
This study investigates the impact of Work from Home (WFH) arrangements on Employee Performance (EP), focusing on the critical moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS). The aim is to provide insights into how organizational support influences employee productivity in remote working environments. A correlational research design was employed using a sample of 300 employees who work from home either full-time or part-time. Data were gathered through online surveys and analysed using regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and tenure were controlled to ensure reliability and validity. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between Work from Home and Employee Performance when Perceived Organizational Support was high. Employees who experienced strong organizational support while working remotely demonstrated higher motivation, engagement, and productivity levels. Conversely, employees with low perceived support reported increased isolation and significantly reduced performance outcomes. The study highlights the importance for organizations to strengthen perceived support systems through effective communication, recognition, and accessible resources. Managers should foster a supportive remote environment to sustain high performance levels and employee well-being. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on remote work dynamics by empirically establishing the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support. It offers practical implications for human resource policies and management practices, providing a framework for organizations aiming to optimize employee performance in contemporary hybrid and fully remote settings. References Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Leveraging Porter’s diamond model: Public sector insights. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(2), 2255–2271. Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Resilience through adaptation: Examining the interplay between adaptive capacity and organizational resilience in public sector organizations. ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences, 4(2), 1770–1789. Aliddin, L. A., Syaifuddin, D. T., Montundu, Y., & Marlina, S. (2024). The impact of perceived organizational support and social support on employee performance: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 27(2), 253–273. Alizai, S. H., Asif, M., & Rind, Z. K. (2021). Relevance of Motivational Theories and Firm Health. Management (IJM), 12(3), 1130-1137. Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management, 29(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(02)00222-0 Asif, D. M. (2024). THE COMPLEXITIES OF BIOTERRORISM: CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS. International Journal of Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences, 3(3), 2175-2184. Asif, M., Pasha, M. A., & Shahid, A. (2025). Energy scarcity and economic stagnation in Pakistan. Bahria University Journal Of Management & Technology, 8(1), 141-157. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad. Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus. Asif, M., Shah, H., & Asim, H. A. H. (2025). Cybersecurity and audit resilience in digital finance: Global insights and the Pakistani context. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(3), 560-573. Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144 Berger Ploszaj, H. H. (2025). Understanding the associations between work-from-home and outcomes like perceived organizational support, satisfaction, and performance. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 10(1), 22–37. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju032 Butt, S. (2021). Impact of e-banking service quality on customers' behavior intentions: Mediating role of trust. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 11(2), 1–21. Butt, S. (2023). Employees’ perception regarding in-house training programs in Pakistani organizations. Journal of Workplace Behavior (JoWB), 4(1), 35–50. Dong, J. (2025). Work from home and employee well-being: A double-edged sword? BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-00980-7 Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500 Eviana, N. (2024). The role of perceived organizational support (POS) and employee satisfaction to enhance employee engagement: Does gender and tenure matter? Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 15(1), 45–57. Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524 Golden, T. D., & Veiga, J. F. (2005). The impact of extent of telecommuting on job satisfaction: Resolving inconsistent findings. Journal of Management, 31(2), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206304271768 Latif, A., Rauf, A., Ahmad, H. M., & Abbas, A. (2023). Socio-economic factors and subjective well-being among women of reproductive age: A secondary analysis of Punjab. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 12(4), 425–432. Malone, G. P. (2024). Optimizing perceived organizational support to enhance employee well-being and performance. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). Moss, T. J., & Mathew, A. M. (2025). Role of perceived organizational support and social connectedness in employee engagement among remote and hybrid workers. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 7(3), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.18646/2056.73.25-008 Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698 Pasha, M. A., Ramzan, M., & Asif, M. (2019). Impact of Economic Value Added Dynamics on Stock Prices Fact or Fallacy: New Evidence from Nested Panel Analysis. Global Social Sciences Review, 4(3), 135-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).13 Shakeel, M., Khan, K., & Latif, A. (2023). Role of financial inclusion, institutional quality and human capital in economic growth: An empirical analysis from selected Asian countries. Journal of Policy Research (JPR), 9(2), 274–278.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Habibullah Amanat, Dr. Sidra Swati, Hafsah Zahur, Zunaira Ghani, Aniqa Qayyum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Human-Centric Paradox of AI in HRM: How Technostress and Digital Literacy Co-Determine Employee Productivity in Smart Work Environments
The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) creates a human-centric paradox, promising enhanced operational efficiency and data-driven decision-making while simultaneously introducing novel stressors that may diminish employee performance and well-being. This study investigates the complex interplay between AI adoption, technostress, and digital literacy in shaping employee productivity within smart work environments. Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data from a survey of 300 employees in technology-oriented firms was analysed using regression and mediation models in SPSS and SmartPLS. This was followed by qualitative thematic analysis of 20 in-depth interviews to contextualize the statistical findings. Results confirmed that AI integration significantly predicts higher productivity, but this relationship is negatively impacted by the multifaceted dimensions of technostress, such as techno-overload and techno-insecurity. Crucially, digital literacy was found to be a powerful mediator and buffer, mitigating these adverse effects and enabling employees to leverage AI as an augmenting tool rather than a perceived threat to their roles. Qualitative findings further revealed that technostress stems from constant algorithmic monitoring and the pace of technological change, while digital literacy acts as an empowering mechanism that fosters confidence and control. The study concludes that realizing AI's full productivity benefits requires a balanced, human-centric approach, contributing to technostress theory by empirically validating digital literacy's pivotal role. Therefore, organizations must complement technological implementation with robust digital upskilling initiatives, participatory design of AI tools, and supportive organizational practices to mitigate technostress and foster a resilient, productive, and sustainable workforce. References Abdelrahman, M., & Elshennawy, A. (2023). Digital competence and workforce readiness in the era of artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 9(4), 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100319 Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2023). Technostress and adaptation in digitalized workplaces: A review and research agenda. Information Systems Research, 34(2), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1234 Almazán, D., Olarte-Pascual, C., & Reinares-Lara, E. (2023). Technostress and resistance to digital transformation: The moderating effect of digital competence. Computers in Human Behavior, 144, 107726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107726 Babashahi, L., Barbosa, C. E., Lima, Y., Lyra, A., Salazar, H., Argôlo, M., Almeida, M. A. d., & Souza, J. M. d. (2024). AI in the workplace: A systematic review of skill transformation in the industry. Administrative Sciences, 14(6), Article 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14060127 Bailey, K., & De Witte, H. (2024). Digitalization, job insecurity, and well-being: The mediating role of organizational support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 33(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2284210 Bawack, R. E., & Wamba, S. F. (2023). Artificial intelligence in HRM: Examining employee attitudes toward automation. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 13(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v13i1.20540 Brougham, D., & Haar, J. M. (2022). Smart technologies, artificial intelligence, robotics, and algorithms (STARA): Employees’ perceptions of our future workplace. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(3), 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.14 Califf, C. B., & Brooks, S. (2023). The role of technostress in shaping digital productivity: Evidence from AI-enabled organizations. Information & Management, 60(2), 103719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103719 Cao, X., & Sun, J. (2022). How AI-induced uncertainty influences employee stress and adaptation: Evidence from hybrid workplaces. Journal of Business Research, 146, 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.016 Chatterjee, S., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Exploring the factors influencing employees’ adoption of AI-based HR systems: A unified perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 181, 121789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121789 Costa, C., Ferreira, A., & Santos, J. (2024). Digital literacy and employee resilience in AI-driven organizations: A structural equation modeling approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 197, 122986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.122986 Dima, J., Gilbert, M.-H., Dextras-Gauthier, J., & Giraud, L. (2024). The effects of artificial intelligence on human resource activities and the roles of the human resource triad: Opportunities and challenges. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1360401. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1360401 Fatima, N., Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M., Arshad, I., Rasheed, I., & Fatima, A. (2025). The role of human resource management in teacher training for inclusive education: A phenomenological study. Indus Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 551–564. https://doi.org/10.59075/ijss.v3i3.1921 Fountaine, T., McCarthy, B., & Saleh, T. (2023). The augmented HR function: Redefining human resource management through AI. MIT Sloan Management Review, 64(4), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.5555/mit.smr.2023.64.4.54 Hertel, G., & Leka, S. (2022). Human-centered AI and employee well-being: The balancing act of automation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 27(5), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000324 Jaiswal, A., Arun, C. J., & Varma, A. (2022). Rebooting employees: Upskilling for artificial intelligence in multinational corporations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(6), 1179–1208. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1891114 Joo, B. K., & Lee, I. (2023). Digital literacy and adaptive performance in AI-integrated HR systems. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(2), 410–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12315 Kakar, A. K., & Shehzad, S. (2023). Emotional exhaustion and technostress in smart workplaces: The moderating role of organizational support. Employee Relations, 45(3), 756–773. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2022-0054 Kushwah, S., & Kaushik, M. (2023). Digital literacy and self-efficacy as determinants of techno-adaptation: Implications for human capital development. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(5), 1149–1163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-023-10311-7 Li, M., & Wang, J. (2023). The interplay between AI technologies, digital literacy, and human productivity: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1125407. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125407 Mahapatra, M., & Pati, S. (2023). Work intensification and mental fatigue in AI-driven workplaces: A moderated mediation model. Human Relations, 76(7), 1042–1065. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267221138492 Nguyen, T., Vo, T., & Dang, P. (2023). Artificial intelligence adoption and employee performance: The mediating role of digital engagement. Computers in Industry, 151, 103930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.103930 Niazi, M., & Qamar, A. (2022). AI-driven HR analytics: Implications for employee engagement and performance management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(10), 2041–2063. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1934502 Ötting, S., & Maier, G. W. (2023). Algorithmic management and employee autonomy: The paradox of digital supervision. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1128412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1128412 Park, E., & Lim, J. (2023). Organizational trust and the mitigation of technostress in digital transformation. Information & Management, 60(4), 103823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103823 Rafiq-uz-Zaman, M. (2025). Use of artificial intelligence in school management: A contemporary need of school education system in Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(2), 1984–2009. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.2.56 Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2022). The consequences of technostress for individuals and organizations. Information Systems Journal, 32(5), 940–964. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12334 Ratten, V., & Usmanij, P. (2023). Human capital and AI: A new framework for smart workforce development. International Journal of Manpower, 44(4), 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2022-0228 Riedl, R., Fischer, T., & Banker, R. (2023). Techno-eustress in digital transformation: When technology challenges become opportunities. Information Systems Journal, 33(1), 78–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12371 Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., Qureshi, S. S., Farid, M. F., & Qamar, S. (2021). Technostress and employee performance nexus during COVID-19: Training and creative self-efficacy as moderators. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 595119. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595119 Tarafdar, M., & Stich, J. F. (2023). Digital stress in the workplace: Challenges and coping mechanisms. European Journal of Information Systems, 32(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2071139 Wamba, S. F., Bawack, R. E., Guthrie, C., Queiroz, M. M., & Carillo, K. D. A. (2023). Can artificial intelligence mitigate technostress? Evidence from digital transformation practices. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(3), 981–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10291-8 Wang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The moderating effect of digital literacy on AI adoption and work outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 144, 107769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107769 Wang, W., & Siau, K. (2023). Emotional disconnect in digitalized HRM: Implications of AI for organizational empathy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102652 Yoon, S., & Choi, B. (2022). Digital transformation readiness and employee adaptability: The role of continuous learning culture. Sustainability, 14(24), 16520. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416520 Zhou, Y., & Li, Q. (2022). Smart HRM systems and human-centric leadership in digital enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 147, 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.041
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Amoon Khalid , Muzammil Sohail, Mirza Muhammad Bilal Baig , Saquib Yusaf, Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan Syed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Global Currents and Local Narratives: Identity Transformations in Contemporary Pakistani Cinema
This article examines the impact of globalization on Pakistani cinema, focusing on how global exposure is reshaping storytelling, cultural identity, and audience perception. It investigates the dual nature of globalization as both a catalyst for modernization and a potential threat to local authenticity. The study specifically analyses how viewers perceive the interplay between global neoliberal influences and indigenized representations in contemporary Pakistani films. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents from diverse backgrounds, including students, media professionals, and academics. The instrument contained 25 Likert-scale statements measuring five key dimensions: globalization in cinema, representation of local identity, transformation of cinematic identity, effects of media globalization, and audience satisfaction. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify trends, correlations, and differences in audience responses. Ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality were strictly maintained. The results indicate that globalization has contributed to the revival of Pakistani cinema through improved storytelling, production quality, and global recognition. Respondents widely agreed that exposure to international film trends fosters creativity and technical innovation. However, a significant number also expressed concerns about the erosion of traditional values and the prevalence of westernized narratives. This reveals a preference for a hybrid cinematic model that merges global aesthetics with local themes. Audiences emphasized the need to preserve cultural heritage while embracing modernization for sustainable industry growth. The study concludes that globalization presents both an opportunity and a challenge, necessitating a balanced approach that integrates innovation with authenticity to ensure the industry flourishes without losing its cultural identity. References Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Examining the role of change management in enhancing organizational resilience in public sector entities. Center for Management Science Research, 3(3), 931–942. Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Leveraging Porter's diamond model: Public sector insights. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(2), 2255–2271. Afzal-Khan, F. (2024). Queer performativities in Pakistan: A postcolonial femiqueer reading of a film and two drama serials. Interventions, 26(8), 1166–1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2023.2172547 Ahmad, A. N. (2016). Explorations into Pakistani cinema: Introduction. Screen, 57(4), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjw043 Ahmed, S. (2022). Gender roles in contemporary cinema: A cross-national analysis. Global Media and Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(1), 11–19. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent effect of conflict management towards psychological capital and employees’ engagement in financial sector of Islamabad [Doctoral dissertation, Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus]. Choonara, S. (2017). Cinema and society, film and social change in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Historical Studies, 2(1), 47–54. Datoo, A. K. (2010). Media and youth identity in Pakistan: Global-local dynamics and disjuncture. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 2(1). Farooqui, J. (2024). Stolen glances, dances, and female empowerment: Evolving representations of romance in Pakistani cinema. Heritage: International Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 1(2), 1–17. Iqbal, T., Shaheen, F., & Mir, B. A. (2025). Linguistic portrayals of gender, ethnicity, and social class in Pakistani television. Policy Journal of Social Science Review, 3(10), 308–321. Jan, A., Jamil, T., & Rehman, K. U. (2025). Cultural representation and hybrid identity formation in Punjabi cinema: Exploring the Punjabi diaspora in North America. The Regional Tribune, 4(1), 109–122. Jin, D. Y. (2012). Transforming the global film industries: Horizontal integration and vertical concentration amid neoliberal globalization. International Communication Gazette, 74(5), 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512445473 Kayal, S., & Saha, R. (2022). Diasporic identities and their representation through cinema: An analysis of diasporic film through South Asian cinemas. Медиаобразование, (1), 88–96. Khan, M. B., Shams, M., Tamour, F. A., Ahmad, F., & Qadeer, M. (2025). Globalization and cultural transformation: Analyzing identity shifts in Pakistan cinema. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(3), 2434–2445. Latif, A., Rizvi, S. F. A., & Zaman, H. (2025). Merging tradition and modernity: The cultural significance of Lollywood film posters. ACADEMIA International Journal for Social Sciences, 4(2), 237–256. Lorenzen, M. (2007). Internationalization vs. globalization of the film industry. Industry and Innovation, 14(4), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710701541619 Malik, A. S., & Akhtar, R. N. (2019). Role of cinema in identity construction in India and Pakistan after Partition 1947. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 5(3), 521–530. Masood, N., & Bilal, A. (2024). The socio-cultural identities of local films and reception on global platforms. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 306–312. Pathak, D. N. (2017). Melodramatic South Asia: In quest of local cinemas in the region. Journal of Human Values, 23(3), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685817701243 Ramzan, A., & Naseer, M. (2022). Frequency of transnational trends and Pakistani commercial cinema: A study on foreign talent, foreign locations and obscenity in Pakistani movies. Global Digital & Print Media Review, 5(4), 38–53. Raw, L. (2017). Audiences, literacies and adaptations. Literature/Film Quarterly, 45(4). Rizwan, R. (2023). Outside the imagined community: Pashtun subjects in contemporary Pakistani cinema. South Asian Popular Culture, 21(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2022.2154993 Salam, S., & Salam-Salmaoui, R. (2025). Who owns womanhood? ‘Churails,’ mimicry, hybridity, and the reclamation of gender roles in postcolonial Pakistan. Feminist Media Studies, 25(5), 1292–1314. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2025.1012345 Sattar, H. A., Ashraf, A., & Hassan, Z. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence and the media industries: Collective consequences for journalism, advertising, and public relations. Journal of Computational Informatics & Business, 2(2), 70–77. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Shafiq, Z., Sharif, M. M., Malik, W., & Shafiq, F. (2020). ‘Remaking' the genre cinema of South Asia. Pakistan Vision, 21(1), 120. Shams, M. A., Sattar, H. A., Ahmad, F., Shahid, U., & Bashir, B. (2025). Assessing the digital divide and its implications in Pakistan: The role of media. Journal of Media Horizons, 6(5), 720–744. https://jmhorizons.com/index.php/journal/article/view/847 Siddique, S. (2019). Archive filmaria: Cinema, curation, and contagion. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 39(1), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2018.1553217 Zhabskiy, M. I., & Tarasov, K. A. (2024). Globalization of cinematographic communication. Russian Journal of World Politics and Law of Nations, 2(2), 74–91.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maham Shams, Ramal Naveed, Zaiba Azeem , Fatima Ahmad, Sundas Jabeen Mirza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of Collaborative Support of Teachers and Parents in Escalating Students’ Learning
This study investigates the impact of collaborative support between teachers and parents on escalating students' learning at the secondary school level. Employing a qualitative-interpretive case study design, the research collected in-depth data through semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected sample of five teachers and five parents from a private high school in Swat, Pakistan. Thematic analysis of the responses revealed four central themes. Firstly, consistent open communication and teachers' home visits were found to be pivotal in creating a conducive learning environment, which significantly enhanced student motivation, empowerment, and participation in their academic journey. Secondly, the adaptation of technology, particularly the use of WhatsApp, emerged as a critical factor for enabling instant and reliable interaction, proving especially beneficial for parents with limited time. Thirdly, the study identified significant barriers to this partnership, including parents' busy schedules, socio-cultural differences, and a lack of technological access or literacy. The findings underscore that a synergistic and trusting relationship between teachers and parents is fundamental for the holistic development of students, leading to positive consequences both academically and emotionally. In light of these results, the study recommends establishing regular communication through accessible digital tools, clearly defining mutual expectations, actively involving parents in school events, and conducting strategic home visits to build rapport. It concludes by emphasizing the role of school administrations in fostering a collaborative ecosystem and calls for government support in addressing infrastructural gaps to facilitate these essential connections. References Avnet, M., Makara, D., Larwin, K. H., & Erickson, M. (2019). The impact of parental involvement and education on academic achievement in elementary school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(3), 476–483. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i3.20249 Azmi, A., Adnan, A., Lokman, H. F., Saaban, S., & Yusoff, S. R. M. (2022). Attitude of Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia lecturers towards digital innovation. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 4925–4928. Baharun, H., & Fawa'iedah, Z. (2020). Adapting to teaching and learning during COVID-19: A case of Islamic school's initiative of self-regulated learning. Online Submission, 14(2), 241–264. Berktasa, S., & Lama, B. (2023). Communication tools for reducing language barriers between primary school teachers and immigrant parents: A case study in Turkiye from teachers’ perspectives. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Casey, D., Fairclough, I., Perisic, V., Carey, W., & Smith, A. (2022). Facing challenges in remote mathematics education and support by building a community of practice around student-staff partnership. MSOR Connections, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.21100/msor.v20i1.1314 Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. Efendi, N., & Sholeh, M. I. (2023). Manajemen pendidikan dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran [Educational management in improving learning quality]. Academicus: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 68–85. Fu, W., Pan, Q., Yuan, Y., & Chen, G. (2022). Longitudinal impact of parent-teacher relationship on middle school students’ academic achievements in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 872301. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872301 Goodall, J., & Montgomery, C. (2023). Parental involvement to parental engagement: A continuum. In Mapping the Field (pp. 158–169). Routledge. Habibullah, M., Ulum, M. B., & Maulana, Z. (2024). The importance of teacher and parent collaboration in supporting children's learning. In Proceedings of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity (Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1878–1882). Johari, S. U. R. I. A. N. A., Noordin, W. N. W., & Mahamad, T. E. T. (2022). WhatsApp conversations and relationships: A focus on digital communication between parent-teacher engagement in a secondary school in Putrajaya. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 38(2), 280–296. Muller, G. M. (2022). The use of an online platform for addressing Africa's education leadership challenges through conversation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Johannesburg. Mulyana, F. R., Suherman, A., Mahendra, A., Subarjah, H., & Hidayat, Y. (2024). Enhancing social skills: Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of SSIS-RS among physical education students. Journal Sport Area, 9(1), 11–19. Nasution, R. K., Harahap, R. H., Kurniawati, D., & Ridho, H. (2024). The impact of community participation, government support, and private sector involvement on sustainable tourism development: Moderating the role of collaborative governance. Przestrzeń Społeczna (Social Space), 24(2), 202–225. Pamuji, S., & Mulyadi, Y. (2024). Formation of students' character through Islamic education. International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 3(1), 26–35. Park, S., Stone, S. I., & Holloway, S. D. (2017). School-based parental involvement as a predictor of achievement and school learning environment: An elementary school-level analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.002 Putri, D. (2025). The impact of social inequality on educational quality in Indonesia: Challenges and policy recommendations. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 3(01), 43–56. Putro, H. R., Muhibbin, A., & Haryanto, S. (2024). School supervisors in enhancing education quality via the school accreditation process. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 8(3), 414–422. Rafif, A., & Dafit, F. (2023). The teacher's role in forming student discipline character in elementary schools. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 5(1), 647–660. Rockey, A., Cohn, J., & Eastman, S. (2023). Reducing access barriers: Exploring student smartphone use across higher education institutions. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 13(1), 285–303. Russell, W., & Qiu, H. (2024). The dynamics of parent-teacher relationships and their impact on student success. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 7(1), 212–218. Safitri, A. (2021). Manajemen kepala sekolah [School principal management]. CV. Scientifik Corner Publishing. Shaked, H. (2025). How Israeli principals foster social justice among teachers. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2025.1012345 Wael, A., Akib, R., Paulina, P., Ohorella, H. M., & Saputra, D. (2024). Collaboration model of parents, teacher and university students in supporting learning from home. Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 83–91. Wilder, S. (2023). Effects of parental involvement on academic achievement: A meta-synthesis. In Mapping the Field (pp. 137–157). Routledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aftab Khan, Dr. Farooq Nawaz Khan, Dr. Sajjad Hussain, Saleha Tahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Employee Empowerment and its effects on job satisfaction-A case study of KHAADI, Karachi, Pakistan
Employee empowerment is a critical strategy for enhancing organizational performance, yet its application within the hierarchical cultural contexts of non-Western industries, such as Pakistan's textile sector, remains understudied. This research addresses this gap by investigating the manifestation and impact of empowerment practices at KHAADI, a leading Pakistani fashion brand. A qualitative case study approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with a purposive sample of 30 employees and managers from various departments and hierarchical levels. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify perceived empowerment practices and their correlation with job satisfaction. The analysis revealed that empowerment practices, particularly delegated decision-making, supportive leadership feedback, and recognition, significantly enhanced job satisfaction. Employees reporting high autonomy demonstrated greater intrinsic motivation, innovation, and a 40% higher self-reported satisfaction score. However, the effectiveness of empowerment was heavily moderated by managerial style, with significant inconsistencies observed across departments. A key finding was the critical role of cultural context, where traditional hierarchies both constrained full autonomy and increased the value of supportive, trust-based leadership. Empowerment is a potent driver of job satisfaction and performance at KHAADI, but its success is contingent on consistent implementation and adaptation to the local socio-cultural environment. This study provides contextualized evidence from a developing economy, challenging the direct transferability of Western-centric empowerment models and offering practical implications for human resource management in similar cultural and industrial settings. References Adebayo, I., Babalola, A., Bakare, T., & Ayeni, K. (2020). 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Dziuba, S., Ingaldi, M., & Zhuravskaya, M. (2020). Job satisfaction and performance as elements influencing work safety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114003 Febrianti, R. (2020). The role of managers in employee empowerment. Journal of Business and Management, 22(1), 45-58. Fidyah, H., & Setiawati, M. (2020). Employee empowerment in quality management practices. Total Quality Management Journal, 31(6), 707–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2018.1534236 Ghasempour Ganji, S., et al. (2021). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction: An empirical review. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(11), 2312–2335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1709467 Gong, Y., Wu, X., Huang, J., Yan, X., & Luo, Z. (2020). Psychological empowerment in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(4), 532–548. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2018.0103 Guba, E. G. (1981). 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A., Sarwar, A., & Zhenqing, Y. (2020). Examining the relationship between employee empowerment and job satisfaction in public sector organizations. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1571260 Muzammil, A., Mir, D. M. M., Tunio, D. M. K., & Jariko, D. M. A. (2025). Talent development as a tool to achieve competitive advantage through organizational culture: A moderation and mediated model to prove the relation. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.142 Ngwenya, B., & Pelser, T. (2020). Employee empowerment and its impact on organizational performance in traditional industries. African Journal of Business Management, 14(4), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2019.8956 Olatunji, S. O., Olowu, A. A., Oladipo, T., Olusegun, O. A., & Akinola, A. A. (2020). Employee empowerment, arrogance, and job performance: Exploring the paradox. 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Reimagining Workplace Fun: Unveiling Its Impact on Employee Engagement, Organizational Support, and Employee Performance
This study explores the influence of workplace fun on employee engagement, organizational support, and performance. It aims to understand how fun-driven activities contribute to employee creativity, satisfaction, and organizational outcomes. The research further investigates the moderating role of perceived organizational support in strengthening the relationship between workplace fun and employee performance. A qualitative research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with fifty employees from diverse organizations in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The sample represented multiple sectors and job roles to ensure varied perspectives. Thematic analysis was conducted to interpret employee views on workplace fun, engagement, and cultural impact. Results indicate that workplace fun positively correlates with motivation, engagement, collaboration, and creativity. Employees perceived fun activities as essential to fostering a supportive and dynamic work culture. However, barriers such as time constraints and limited administrative backing were identified as challenges to sustaining meaningful workplace fun. The findings also revealed that education level significantly influenced employees’ perceptions of fun, engagement, and performance. Organizations that integrate fun strategically within their culture, aligned with core values and supported by leadership, can enhance employee morale, commitment, and overall productivity. Leaders are encouraged to customize fun activities based on employee demographics and to regularly assess their impact on engagement and performance. This research contributes to the growing discourse on positive organizational behaviour by demonstrating that fun at work is not merely recreational but an essential element of employee engagement and organizational success. It highlights the significance of organizational support as a moderator and encourages leaders to view fun as a strategic management tool. References Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). A narrative review for revisiting BCG matrix application in performance evaluation of public sector entities. The Journal of Research Review, 2(2), 325–337. Afshar, M. Z., & Shah, M. H. (2025). Examining the role of change management in enhancing organizational resilience in public sector entities. Center for Management Science Research, 3(3), 931–942. Ahmad, S., & Museera, S. (2024). The strategic influence of cloud computing on contemporary marketing and management practices. Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 2(2), 21–30. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2023). Workplace fun and job performance: The effects of organizational support and work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(3), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2022.2155004 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Butt, S. (2023). Employees' perception regarding in-house training programs in Pakistani organizations. Journal of Workplace Behavior (JoWB), 4(1), 35–50. Butt, S., & Umair, T. (2023). Nexus among online banking services, perceived value and consumer's post-adoption behaviour. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 12(4), 1016–1032. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.500 Fardil, O. (2023). The role of workplace fun in employee engagement and organizational culture. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 34(2), 158–172. Ford, R. C., & Briner, R. B. (2024). Perceived organizational support and workplace fun: The impact on employee motivation and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 109(1), 45–60. Garton, E., & Ballantyne, M. (2023). The link between fun activities and employee performance in international companies: A cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 23(1), 75–92. Hashemian, M., & Shah, M. (2024). The impact of workplace fun on employee performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Business and Management, 30(1), 111–125. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. Hussain, M., & Tariq, A. (2023). Influence of workplace fun on employee satisfaction and job performance in Pakistan's service sector. Journal of Service Management, 42(4), 88–102. Karl, K., & Harland, M. (2020). Fun at work: A cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 24(1), 1–15. Latif, S. A., & Latif, A. (2025). Invisible walls: Uncovering healthcare access barriers for persons with disabilities in Bahawalnagar. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(3), 942–951. Morris, M. W., & Leung, K. (2023). The effects of fun at work on creativity and innovation. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 44(2), 154–172. Owens, B. P., & Hekman, D. R. (2012). Modeling how to grow: An inductive examination of humble leader behaviors, contingencies, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 787–818. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0051 Pasha, M., & Shahid, A. (2025). Exploring the role of workplace fun in fostering creativity among employees in Pakistan's tech industry. Journal of Organizational Innovation, 12(2), 121–135. Rasool, S. F., & Hassan, S. (2025). Employee engagement through workplace fun: Mediating effects of perceived organizational support in Pakistani organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 15(2), 45–60. Rauf, M. A., Latif, D. A., & Mushtaq, M. K. (2025). Assessing the effects of occupational burnout on job performance: A quantitative study of National Highway and Motorway Police officers. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 3(3), 731–741. Raza, S., & Sadiq, M. (2024). Workplace fun and employee performance in the banking sector of Pakistan: The moderating role of organizational support. International Journal of Business Studies, 17(3), 175–189. Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698 Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248 Shamsi, M. K., & Khan, M. A. (2023). The relationship between workplace fun and organizational culture in Pakistani firms: A comparative study. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 27(3), 87–102. Tews, M. J., & Bailey, C. M. (2023). The role of workplace fun in employee performance: Mediating effects of perceived organizational support and creativity. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 41(1), 132–148. Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Stafford, K. (2013). Does fun pay? The impact of workplace fun on employee turnover and performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(4), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513491616 Waldron, J. (2020). The fun factor: How workplace fun influences employee engagement and retention. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(3), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1695788 Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. 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Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Green Behaviour: Mediating Mechanism of Green Organizational Identity
This study aims to investigate the intricate relationships between Ethical Leadership (EL), Green Organizational Identity (GOI), and Employee Green Behaviour (EGB) within the context of public-sector universities in Balochistan, Pakistan. Increasingly, organizational sustainability is becoming an essential objective for organizational leaders, and scholars need to understand the challenges of how ethical leadership influences employees' sustainable behaviours within organizations. Based on Social Learning Theory and Social Identity Theory, this study aims to explain how ethical leaders can influence employee pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, both directly and indirectly, through organization members’ identification with the organization. Using quantitative research design, data were gathered through a structured questionnaire from 230 faculty members from different public sector universities in Balochistan. The Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 4) was used to analyse the data to test the hypothesized mediation model. The findings showed that Ethical Leadership has a significant, positive impact on both Green Organizational Identity and Employee Green Behaviour. Additionally, the research revealed that leaders who demonstrate fairness, integrity, and a strong environmental commitment are more likely to foster sustainable behaviour among their employees. However, it was not possible to confirm the mediation role of Green Organizational Identity as a mediator between Ethical Leadership and Employee Green Behaviour, as the impact of ethical leadership on employees' environmentally friendly actions does not occur solely through organizational identity or identification processes. The work makes a significant contribution to theory by integrating the moral and ecological facets of leadership and by extending the current frameworks of sustainable behaviour in the higher education sector. Besides, it offers practical implications to researchers and practitioners who may call for the increased development of ethical leadership programs, the fostering of sustainability-oriented values, and the facilitation of employee engagement in green activities. In brief, this research highlights the importance of ethical leadership as a driver of eco-friendly culture in organizations and paves the way for further investigations into additional variables that mediate or moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' sustainable behaviours. References Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee green behavior: A multilevel moderated mediation analysis. Sustainability, 12(8), 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083314 Ahmad, I., & Umrani, W. A. (2019). The impact of ethical leadership on employee green behavior: A multilevel analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1977. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01977 Ahmad, S. (2025). 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