Inverge Journal of Social Sciences
type: channel
description: The Inverge Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) is an online, open-access journal with double-blind peer review. Academic essays and research articles/papers are all published in the IJSS. Scholars of any age or from any profession are welcome to submit their scholarly research to the IJSS. In its publications, the IJSS covers all social science disciplines, including but not limited to the following fields: Development Studies Economics Entrepreneurship Education Gender Studies International Relations Management Sciences (Marketing, Finance, HRM, Project Management, Information Management, & others) Media Sciences Political Science Psychology Sustainable Development Goals Sociology IJSS is an online, open-access journal that offers publishing and research services to the academic and business sectors. Double-blind peer review is used to manage articles and papers by the IJSS. Frequency: Quarterly Dr. Muhammad Asif Editor-in-Chief Inverge Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) ISSN (Online): 2959-4359, ISSN (Print): 3007-2018 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/InvergeJSS/ Note: Authors are urged to use the IJSS online submission platform to submit their work electronically. Please adhere to the guidelines listed for each step of the online submission procedure. Before submitting, kindly adhere to the Author Guidelines as well.
publisher: Inverge Consultancy (pvt) Ltd
language: en-US
publication name: Inverge Journal of Social Sciences
issn: 3007-2018
copyright: The work is concurrently licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the authorship and the work's original publication in this journal, while the authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication.
items: Modal Verb Variation in Pakistani and American English: A Corpus-based Comparative Study
items: Automation, Transparency, and Efficiency in Library Management through Blockchain and IoT Technologies
items: Physician-Patient Interaction Quality as a Predictor of Patient Satisfaction: Examining the Unique Contributions of Communication and Empathy in Pakistani Healthcare
items: AI-Driven Media Evolution: Redefining Journalism and Communication in the Digital Age
items: A Comprehensive Review of High-Impact Educational Research (2021–2025): Trends, Insights, and Emerging Practices
items: Green Finance Intelligence and Sustainable Capital Allocation: Artificial Intelligence Driven ESG Signal Processing and Capital Market Efficiency
items: Public Trust in State Institutions: A Comparative Analysis of the Military, Judiciary, and Parliament in Post-2023 Election Pakistan
items: The Role of Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Psychological Well-being in Infant Neurodevelopment

Modal Verb Variation in Pakistani and American English: A Corpus-based Comparative Study
type: item
description: This study explores the use of modal verbs in Pakistani and American English through a corpus-based analysis of data drawn from the Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) corpus. The study examines five modal verbs—must, should, may, might, and would—through a comparative analysis of their semantic, pragmatic, and collocational patterns in the two English varieties. Based on the frequency counts, concordance lines and collocational analysis, the study demonstrates that Pakistani English is more likely to be used in formal registers whereas American English is more conversational. There are also differences in collocational patterns that bear the cultural and practical impacts in both varieties. The findings provide an empirical evidence of regional variation in modal verb usage, contributing to the fields of World Englishes and Corpus Linguistics. Moreover, the study provides pedagogical implications in teaching English language based on the findings of the research, emphasizing the role of contextual and regional sensitivity in teaching and learning modal verbs. The study emphasizes the significance of corpus-based approaches in investigating authentic language use across different varieties of English. References Abdullayev, S. (2024). The pragmatic functions of modal verbs in discourse: A corpus-based study. Journal of New Century Innovations, 50(2), 148–150. Anwar, B. (2012). A sociolinguistic study of Urdu–English code-switching in Pakistan (Doctoral dissertation, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan). Anwar, B., & Maryam, S. (2017). The use of stative verbs as progressive in Pakistani English: A corpus-based study. Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 5(2), 121–134. Anwar, B., & Talaat, M. (2011). English in a non-native context: Distinctive features of Pakistani journalistic English. English Language and Literary Forum (ELF), 13(1), 25–42. Anwar, B., Ajmal, M., & Keezhatta, M. S. (2020b). Nativization of grammatical features in Pakistani English. Asian EFL Jou…
creator: Muhammad Dawood
creator: Behzad Anwar
creator: Maria Naureen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Dawood, Behzad Anwar, Maria Naureen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.237

Automation, Transparency, and Efficiency in Library Management through Blockchain and IoT Technologies
type: item
description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on the applications of Blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) and to understand how libraries are engaging with this technology to enable users to feel more involved in the present and to share information about Library resources and services. Based on the existing literature, the fundamental models of Blockchain and its combination with IoT are extracted, documented, and illustrated, focusing on performance, implementation ability, and the layers discussed for both. The findings could also provide an empirical platform for comprehension of the technological and behavioural factors that drive adoption of blockchain and IoT to improve automation of services, transparency in records, and overall workplace efficiencies within libraries. The current study is a valuable addition to the body of library and information science literature in that it merges cutting-edge digital technologies with a widely accepted technology acceptance model, and its findings are of practical interest for librarians, system developers, and policy makers involved in smart library initiatives. The recent applications and current uses of blockchain and IoT in libraries are presented with the hope that they will help build up future work across various sectors. References Almarri, S., & Aljughaiman, A. (2024). Blockchain technology for IoT security and trust: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Sustainability, 16(23), 10177. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310177 Al Sadawi, A., Hassan, M. S., & Ndiaye, M. (2021). A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges. IEEE Access, 9, 54478–54497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3070869 Asif, M., & Sandhu, M. S. (2023). Social media marketing revolution in Pakistan: A study of its adoption and impact on business performance. Journal of Business Insight and Innovation, 2(2), 67–77. Bansal, A., Arora, D., & Suri, A. (2018). Internet of …
creator: Muhammad Kabir Khan
creator: Farha Zafira Binti Agos Lokman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Kabir Khan, Farha Zafira Binti Agos Lokman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 12
ending page: 26
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.238

Physician-Patient Interaction Quality as a Predictor of Patient Satisfaction: Examining the Unique Contributions of Communication and Empathy in Pakistani Healthcare
type: item
description: To examine the associations among patients' perceptions of physician communication, physician empathy, and patient satisfaction in Pakistani hospital settings. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in public and private hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, between December 2024 and February 2025. Using purposive convenience sampling, 280 adult patients from psychiatry (n = 92), dermatology (n = 102), and cardiology (n = 86) completed the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE), and a 10-item patient satisfaction scale. Pearson correlations assessed bivariate associations. Multiple linear regression tested whether communication and empathy jointly predicted patient satisfaction. One-way ANOVA examined differences in satisfaction across specialties, and independent samples t-tests compared satisfaction by gender and hospital type. Physician communication was strongly correlated with physician empathy (r = .91, p < .001) and patient satisfaction (r = .90, p < .001). Physician empathy was also strongly correlated with patient satisfaction (r = .92, p < .001). In regression analysis, the model was significant, F(2, 277) = 825.47, p < .001, explaining 85.6% of the variance in patient satisfaction (R² = .856; adj. R² = .855). Both physician communication (B = 0.34, SE = 0.04, β = .39, p < .001) and physician empathy (B = 1.06, SE = 0.10, β = .56, p < .001) independently predicted higher patient satisfaction. No significant differences in satisfaction were found across specialties (F(2, 277) = 1.24, p = .29) or by gender (t(278) = 0.87, p = .38). Patients' perceptions of physician communication and empathy are strongly associated with patient satisfaction, and both contribute uniquely to satisfaction ratings. Interventions that strengthen patient-centred communication and empathic engagement may improve patient experience in time-constrained healthcare settings. References Aman-U…
creator: Maham Arshad
creator: Saira Khan
creator: Suleman Ahmad
creator: Amina Afzal
creator: Muhammad Shoaib
creator: Zohaib Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maham Arshad, Saira Khan, Suleman Ahmad, Amina Afzal, Muhammad Shoaib, Zohaib Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-06
publication date: 2026-03-06
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 27
ending page: 41
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.239

AI-Driven Media Evolution: Redefining Journalism and Communication in the Digital Age
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed the world of journalism and digital communication at an extremely fast pace. To improve the efficiency of newsrooms, audience engagement, and data-driven production of content, media organizations are increasingly employing AI-driven technologies. Nevertheless, the topic of AI integration into journalism also provokes ethical issues associated with misinformation, algorithmic bias, and professionalism. This research intends to investigate the degree of awareness and application of Artificial Intelligence in media organizations, assess its influence on journalism activities and the quality of communication, address ethical issues related to the implementation of AI, and discuss the perspectives of AI-based technologies in journalism and communication. A survey design was adopted to conduct a quantitative study on a structured questionnaire, which relies on a five-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted among 267 respondents comprising of journalists, media practitioners, academicians and students who participated in media and communication industries. The descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that there is a high awareness and positive attitudes towards AI in journalism. The respondents also found that AI enhances the efficiency of the newsroom and helps with data analysis (M = 4.31) and helps a journalist find trending topics in a short period (M = 4.27). The AI was also seen to improve the speed of news delivery (M = 4.33) and increase the level of engagement with the audience in the digital media setting. Nevertheless, the respondents raised concerns about possible risks that include misinformation (M = 4.30), algorithm bias, and lack of human creativity. Moreover, the respondents placed a strong emphasis on clear regulations and policies governing of AI in journalism (M = 4.35). The paper concludes that AI has emer…
creator: Dr. Huma Tahir
creator: Syed Imran Ali Shah
creator: Hamza Zamir Kiani
creator: Muhammad Zeeshan Zahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Huma Tahir, Syed Imran Ali Shah, Hamza Zamir Kiani, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-06
publication date: 2026-03-06
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 42
ending page: 57
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.242

A Comprehensive Review of High-Impact Educational Research (2021–2025): Trends, Insights, and Emerging Practices
type: item
description: The literature review is a critical analysis of high-impact educational research published between 2021 and 2025, which identifies the most significant trends, evidence-based practices, and emerging innovations that influence the development of modern education. Pedagogical practices in the post-COVID period have changed to emphasize the effectiveness of student engagement, fair access, and the implementation of technology-based approaches to instruction. Personalized and adaptive learning with the help of digital transformation (artificial intelligence, interactive e-books, and immersive learning environments) has resulted in a measurable student performance and engagement improvement. Problem-Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, and formative assessment remain active learning approaches that support the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in a variety of educational settings. These advances notwithstanding, there are still issues such as gaps in teacher training, a lack of resources, and professional development. The new technologies hold the promise of innovation but pose threats to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and digital equity. These challenges cannot be met without systemic support, accountable AI implementation, and a commitment on the part of institutions to inclusive and student-centred learning. This review will summarize the existing literature and outline practical recommendations to be followed by policymakers, teachers, and scholars who want to maximize the learning process and overcome the changing digital environment. References Ajid, S. N., Kusumaningtyas, D., Ratih, K., & Lava, S. (2025). Strategies for Integrating Problem-Based Learning, Teaching Modules, and Formative Assessments to Enhance Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 7(2), 340–357. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v7i2.8612 Albohamood, A. H., Alqattan, M. S., & Vizcarra, C. P. (2025)…
creator: Dr. Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman
creator: Yi-Huang Shih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman, Yi-Huang Shih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 58
ending page: 70
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.243

Green Finance Intelligence and Sustainable Capital Allocation: Artificial Intelligence Driven ESG Signal Processing and Capital Market Efficiency
type: item
description: The rapid expansion of sustainable investment markets has intensified the need for accurate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) data analysis to support effective capital allocation. However, traditional analytical approaches often struggle to interpret the growing volume of heterogeneous sustainability information, leading to information asymmetry and suboptimal investment outcomes. This study examined the role of artificial intelligence-driven ESG signal processing in enhancing green finance intelligence and improving sustainable capital allocation and capital market efficiency. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing primary data collected from 312 financial professionals working in banking, asset management, and financial technology sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed strong agreement regarding the importance of AI adoption in sustainable finance, with artificial intelligence adoption recording the highest mean value (M = 4.14, SD = 0.69), followed by green finance intelligence (M = 4.09, SD = 0.68) and ESG signal processing capability (M = 4.07, SD = 0.72). Regression analysis demonstrated that artificial intelligence adoption significantly influenced green finance intelligence (β = 0.41, t = 7.86, p < 0.001), while ESG signal processing capability significantly improved sustainable capital allocation (β = 0.38, t = 6.94, p < 0.001). Additionally, green finance intelligence positively affected capital market efficiency (β = 0.35, t = 6.21, p < 0.001). The findings indicated that artificial intelligence significantly enhances ESG information processing, reduces information asymmetry, and supports data-driven sustainable investment strategies. The study concluded that AI-driven ESG analytics play a crucial role in strengthening sustainable finance ecosystems and improving the efficiency of capital allocation within modern financial markets. References Akash, V., & Kumari, R. (2025). The role of artificial intelligence in prom…
creator: Dr. Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
creator: Dr. Mehreen Ansari
creator: Zonaira Akbar
creator: Fahim Ullah Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri, Dr. Mehreen Ansari, Zonaira Akbar, Fahim Ullah Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 71
ending page: 87
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.246

Public Trust in State Institutions: A Comparative Analysis of the Military, Judiciary, and Parliament in Post-2023 Election Pakistan
type: item
description: The foundation of democratic stability, institutional legitimacy, and effectiveness of the governance is public trust. In transitional democracies like Pakistan trust on the state institutions is often defined by political turbulence, judicial activism, civil-military relations as well as electoral contestation. The 2023 general elections became the most significant turning point in the history of political direction in Pakistan, which fueled the discussion of the stylistic legitimacy of the institution and trust between citizens. The paper explores the relative trust of the Pakistani population in three major pillars of the Pakistani state the military, judiciary and parliament and determines the socio-political conditions that impact the legitimacy of institutions in the post-election context. The study is based on a cross-sectional quantitative design through the analysis of the survey data of 714 respondents using stratified random sampling of the major urban districts. There was the use of statistical methods such as descriptive analysis, correlation matrices, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression model to examine predictors of institutional trust. The results indicate that there is a strong trust asymmetry with the military receiving the greatest trust rating followed by the judiciary and the parliament correspondingly having lower trust ratings. The outcome of regression indicates that the perceived institutional performance, political polarization, media exposure, and corruption perception are relevant predictors of trust changes. Notably, the paper determines civic efficacy and democratic commitment as moderator factors that can alleviate distrust of representative institutions. The theoretical contribution to research is the synthesis of the Institutional Trust Theory and the Performance Legitimacy Frameworks, which shows that citizens are becoming more perceptive in the outcomes-based criterion instead of constitutional mandates alone when assessing inst…
creator: Madiha Bashir
creator: Sami Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Madiha Bashir, Sami Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 88
ending page: 100
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.248

The Role of Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Psychological Well-being in Infant Neurodevelopment
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between maternal psychological distress during the perinatal period, maternal-fetal attachment, and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. The historical reverence for motherhood in Azerbaijan faces contemporary challenges as limited awareness leaves expectant mothers vulnerable to psychological hardships during the perinatal period. The intrauterine environment is influenced not only by maternal nutrition but also by maternal emotional states, with implications for fetal neurodevelopment. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 276 mothers of children diagnosed with various neurodevelopmental conditions, including Cerebral Palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down Syndrome, and Developmental Delay. Participants completed retrospective assessments of prenatal psychological distress, maternal-fetal attachment behaviours, and provided demographic and clinical information. Results of the 276 participants, 140 (50.7%) reported significant psychological distress during gestation. A statistically significant association was identified between prenatal distress and child's diagnostic category (χ² = 14.27, df = 5, p = .014). Mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported the highest rates of prenatal distress (68.4%). Significant inverse relationships were observed between prenatal distress and maternal-fetal attachment behaviours, including emotional closeness to the fetus (r = -.42, p < .001). Findings demonstrate a significant correlation between maternal psychological distress during pregnancy and subsequent neurodevelopmental challenges in offspring. The results underscore the need for perinatal mental health screening and culturally appropriate intervention programs in Azerbaijan. References Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Erlbaum. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent effect of conflict man…
creator: Sayali Khanim Hajisoy Vidadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sayali Khanim Hajisoy Vidadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
volume: 5
number: 2
starting page: 101
ending page: 120
doi: 10.63544/ijss.v5i2.250