Innovating Education: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Technology on Teaching

Abstract

This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies have been transforming teaching practices in Pakistan. Its objective is to measure the level of awareness, adoption and attitude of AI tools in education as well as identifying barriers and opportunities to integrate such tools in education. It was a quantitative approach, in which a structured questionnaire was used for data collection from 189 teachers of various level educational institutes in Pakistan. The survey focused on teachers’ awareness, usage of AI technology, its influence on teaching and learning process, obstacles in using AI technology, and the future outlook. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS-28 and reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's Alpha (α ≥ 0.83 for all sections). Findings were summarised using descriptive statistics and figures (bar, pie etc.). Results show that, although an overwhelming majority of educators see the value of AI in increasing student engagement (69.8% agree/strongly agree) and alleviating administrative loads (70.3%), there are still wide knowledge gaps when it comes to AI-enabled personalization (21.1% undecided). Major challenges are insufficient training (69.8% agree as barrier), cost (69.3%) and fears that a reliance on technology will damage creativity (78.8%). It is remarkable that 76.6% of the teachers have interest in PD courses to apply AI as well. The study adds to the scarce empirical inquiry on AI in Education in Pakistan and provides policy pertinent recommendations for policy makers and institutions. It raises important questions surrounding accessibility, teacher training and ethical questions about AI systems, to ensure AI does not substitute, but rather complements, human-based pedagogy. The results highlight the need to combine technological development with the achievement of social-emotional learning objectives.

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